{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:27:10Z","timestamp":1767706030231,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the use of advanced sensors, such as terrestrial, mobile 3D scanners and photogrammetric imaging, has become the prevalent practice for 3D Reality Modeling (RM) and the digitization of large-scale monuments of Cultural Heritage (CH). In practice, this process is heavily related to the expertise of the surveying team handling the laborious planning and time-consuming execution of the 3D scanning process tailored to each site\u2019s specific requirements and constraints. To minimize human intervention, this paper proposes a novel methodology for autonomous 3D Reality Modeling of CH monuments by employing autonomous robotic agents equipped with the appropriate sensors. These autonomous robotic agents are able to carry out the 3D RM process in a systematic, repeatable, and accurate approach. The outcomes of this automated process may also find applications in digital twin platforms, facilitating secure monitoring and the management of cultural heritage sites and spaces, in both indoor and outdoor environments. The main purpose of this paper is the initial release of an Industry 4.0-based methodology for reality modeling and the survey of cultural spaces in the scientific community, which will be evaluated in real-life scenarios in future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24154950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1722359314000},"page":"4950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["ARM4CH: A Methodology for Autonomous Reality Modelling for Cultural Heritage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1388-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Giakoumidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KINESIS Lab, Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 811 00 Mitilini, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-275X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos-Nikolaos","family":"Anagnostopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 811 00 Mitilini, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, D., and Minner, J. (2023). UAVs and 3D City Modeling to Aid Urban Planning and Historic Preservation: A Systematic Review. 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