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machinery. In this regard, the context around Industry 4.0 and even aspirations for Industry 5.0 are discussed. The many definitions and interpretations of DTs in this domain are first summarized. Subsequently, their adoption and performance levels for rotating and industrial machineries for manufacturing and lifetime performance are observed, along with the type of validations that are available. A significant focus on integrating fundamental operations of the system and scenarios over the lifetime, with sensors and advanced machine or deep learning, along with other statistical or data-driven methods are highlighted. This review summarizes how individual aspects around DTs are extremely helpful for lifetime design, manufacturing, or decision making even when a DT can remain incomplete or limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24155002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1722604482000},"page":"5002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Review of Digital Twinning for Rotating Machinery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7878-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vamsi","family":"Inturi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (A), Hyderabad 500075, India"},{"name":"Quant Group, Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bidisha","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quant Group, Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3882-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabareesh Geetha","family":"Rajasekharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Pilani 500078, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikram","family":"Pakrashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Centre for Mechanics, Dynamical Systems and Risk Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatti, S., Laperri\u00e8re, L., Reinhart, G., and Tolio, T. 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