{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:12Z","timestamp":1760145612935,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-259-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-259-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advancements in assisted driving technologies are expected to enable future passengers to use a wide range of multimedia applications in electric vehicles (EVs). To address the bandwidth demands for high-resolution and immersive videos during peak traffic, this study introduces a bandwidth-management algorithm to support differentiated streaming services in heterogeneous vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. By leveraging cellular 6G base stations, along with Cell-Free (CF) Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (mMIMO) Wi-Fi 7 access points, the algorithm aims to provide a high-coverage, high-speed, and low-interference V2X network environment. Additionally, Li-Fi technology is employed to supply extra bandwidth to vehicles with limited connectivity via V2V communication. Importantly, the study addresses the urgency and prioritization of different applications to ensure the smooth execution of emergency applications and introduces a pre-downloading mechanism specifically for non-real-time applications. Through simulations, the algorithm\u2019s effectiveness in meeting EV users\u2019 bandwidth needs for various multimedia streaming applications is demonstrated. During peak-bandwidth-demand periods, users experienced an average increase in bandwidth of 47%. Furthermore, bandwidth utilization across the V2X landscape is significantly improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24155007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1722604482000},"page":"5007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supporting Differentiated Streaming Services in Heterogeneous Vehicle-to-Everything Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenn-Jung","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien County 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Wen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lookout, Inc., Taipei 110207, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao-Wen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien County 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-En","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien County 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Inas Farras","family":"Tsamarah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien County 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506231165828","article-title":"Immersive Live Streaming of Surgery Using 360-Degree Video to Head-Mounted Virtual Reality Devices: A New Paradigm in Surgical Education","volume":"30","author":"Gandsas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg. 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