{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:48:17Z","timestamp":1784180897377,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the several methods and technologies employed to measure handgrip strength (HGS), a significant indicator of neuromuscular strength and overall health. The document evaluates a range of devices, from traditional dynamometers to innovative sensor-based systems, and assesses their effectiveness and application in different demographic groups. Special attention is given to the methodological aspects of HGS estimation, including the influence of device design and measurement protocols. Endogenous factors such as hand dominance and size, body mass, age and gender, as well as exogenous factors including circadian influences and psychological factors, are examined. The review identifies significant variations in the implementation of HGS measurements and interpretation of the resultant data, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of these factors when using HGS as a diagnostic or research tool. It highlights the necessity of standardizing measurement protocols to establish universal guidelines that enhance the comparability and consistency of HGS assessments across various settings and populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1722957856000},"page":"5100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Handgrip Strength in Health Applications: A Review of the Measurement Methodologies and Influencing Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Quattrocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Garufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, University of Messina, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6500-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gugliandolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1522-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"De Marchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenicantonio","family":"Collufio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, University of Messina, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore Massimiliano","family":"Cardali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, University of Messina, 98158 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.21.2.164","article-title":"Power grip and precision handling","volume":"21","author":"Landsmeer","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann. 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