{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:19:16Z","timestamp":1776889156837,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Siriraj Foundation","award":["D1671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D1671"]}]},{"name":"Siriraj Foundation","award":["(IO)R016438003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO)R016438003"]}]},{"name":"Siriraj Research Development Fun","award":["D1671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D1671"]}]},{"name":"Siriraj Research Development Fun","award":["(IO)R016438003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO)R016438003"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["D1671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D1671"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO)R016438003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO)R016438003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a type of neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of brain cells, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. It is the most common cause of dementia and affects millions of people worldwide. While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, early detection and treatment can help to slow the progression of symptoms and improve quality of life. This research presents a diagnostic tool for classifying mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases using feature-based machine learning applied to optical coherence tomographic angiography images (OCT-A). Several features are extracted from the OCT-A image, including vessel density in five sectors, the area of the foveal avascular zone, retinal thickness, and novel features based on the histogram of the range-filtered OCT-A image. To ensure effectiveness for a diverse population, a large local database for our study was collected. The promising results of our study, with the best accuracy of 92.17,% will provide an efficient diagnostic tool for early detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:23:46Z","timestamp":1723461826000},"page":"5192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Feature-Based Classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Based on Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiographic Image"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sarinporn","family":"Visitsattapongse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areerat","family":"Maneerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adisak","family":"Trinavarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9769-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chatchawan","family":"Rattanabannakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekkaphop","family":"Morkphrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vorapun","family":"Senanarong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5311-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varalak","family":"Srinonprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dittapong","family":"Songsaeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"La-ongsri","family":"Atchaneeyasakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuchart","family":"Pintavirooj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406411666151030111820","article-title":"Recent updates on the association between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia","volume":"12","author":"Ashraf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. 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