{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:07:15Z","timestamp":1789081635009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01 EB031084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB031084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review systematically examines the recent research from the past decade on diverse path-planning algorithms tailored for stereotactic neurosurgery applications. Our comprehensive investigation involved a thorough search of scholarly papers from Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus, utilizing stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. The screening and selection process was meticulously conducted by a multidisciplinary team comprising three medical students, robotic experts with specialized knowledge in path-planning techniques and medical robotics, and a board-certified neurosurgeon. Each selected paper was reviewed in detail, and the findings were synthesized and reported in this review. The paper is organized around three different types of intervention tools: straight needles, steerable needles, and concentric tube robots. We provide an in-depth analysis of various path-planning algorithms applicable to both single and multi-target scenarios. Multi-target planning techniques are only discussed for straight tools as there is no published work on multi-target planning for steerable needles and concentric tube robots. Additionally, we discuss the imaging modalities employed, the critical anatomical structures considered during path planning, and the current status of research regarding its translation to clinical human studies. To the best of our knowledge and as a conclusion from this systematic review, this is the first review paper published in the last decade that reports various path-planning techniques for different types of tools for minimally invasive neurosurgical applications. Furthermore, this review outlines future trends and identifies existing technology gaps within the field. By highlighting these aspects, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview that can guide future research and development in path planning for stereotactic neurosurgery, ultimately contributing to the advancement of safer and more effective neurosurgical procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T09:08:10Z","timestamp":1723540090000},"page":"5238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automatic Path-Planning Techniques for Minimally Invasive Stereotactic Neurosurgical Procedures\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Monfaredi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheikh Zayed Institute of Pediatrics Surgical Innovation, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alondra","family":"Concepcion-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Acosta Julbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheikh Zayed Institute of Pediatrics Surgical Innovation, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Hernandez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheikh Zayed Institute of Pediatrics Surgical Innovation, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chima","family":"Oluigbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheikh Zayed Institute of Pediatrics Surgical Innovation, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bilger, A., Essert, C., Duriez, C., and Cotin, S. 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