{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:03Z","timestamp":1760145723645,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER, EU","award":["PID2022-137339OB-C21","PID2022-137339OB-C22","CLP263P20","DE-SC0024542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-137339OB-C21","PID2022-137339OB-C22","CLP263P20","DE-SC0024542"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-137339OB-C21","PID2022-137339OB-C22","CLP263P20","DE-SC0024542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-137339OB-C21","PID2022-137339OB-C22","CLP263P20","DE-SC0024542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of The Fusion Energy Sciences (FES), High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas program","award":["PID2022-137339OB-C21","PID2022-137339OB-C22","CLP263P20","DE-SC0024542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-137339OB-C21","PID2022-137339OB-C22","CLP263P20","DE-SC0024542"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent developments in ultrashort and intense laser systems have enabled the generation of short and brilliant proton sources, which are valuable for studying plasmas under extreme conditions in high-energy-density physics. However, developing sensors for the energy selection, focusing, transport, and detection of these sources remains challenging. This work presents a novel and simple design for an isochronous magnetic selector capable of angular and energy selection of proton sources, significantly reducing temporal spread compared to the current state of the art. The isochronous selector separates the beam based on ion energy, making it a potential component in new energy spectrum sensors for ions. Analytical estimations and Monte Carlo simulations validate the proposed configuration. Due to its low temporal spread, this selector is also useful for studying extreme states of matter, such as proton stopping power in warm dense matter, where short plasma stagnation time (&lt;100 ps) is a critical factor. The proposed selector can also be employed at higher proton energies, achieving final time spreads of a few picoseconds. This has important implications for sensing technologies in the study of coherent energy deposition in biology and medical physics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T09:20:51Z","timestamp":1723627251000},"page":"5254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Platform for Ultra-Fast Proton Probing of Matter in Extreme Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0385-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Volpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cebriano Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos S\u00e1nchez","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"INFN-LNF, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"De Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berkhahoum","family":"Kebladj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Physics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3031-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Khetari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Physics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Malko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Perez-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolores Rodriguez","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas, University of Alcal\u00e1, Plaza de San Diego s\/n, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045007","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.95.045007","article-title":"Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas","volume":"95","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. 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