{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:14Z","timestamp":1760145554475,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>2-Furaldehyde (2-FAL) is one of the main by-products of the degradation of hemicellulose, which is the solid material of the oil\u2013paper insulating system of oil-filled transformers. For this reason, it has been suggested as a marker of the degradation of the insulating system; sensing devices for 2-FAL analysis in a wide concentration range are of high interest in these systems. An optical sensor system is proposed; this consists of a chemical chip, able to capture 2-FAL from the insulating oil, coupled with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) probe, both realized on multimode plastic optical fibers (POFs). The SPR platform exploits gold nanofilm or, alternatively, a double layer of gold and silicon oxide to modulate the sensor sensitivity. The capturing chip is always based on the same molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a receptor specific for 2-FAL. The system with the SPR probe based on a gold nanolayer had a higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit of fractions of \u03bcg L\u22121. Instead, the SPR probe, based on a double layer (gold and silicon oxide), has a lower sensitivity with a worse detection limit, and it is suitable for the detection of 2-FAL at concentrations of 0.01\u20131 mg L\u22121.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T10:28:41Z","timestamp":1723631321000},"page":"5261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Optical Device Based on a Chemical Chip and Surface Plasmon Platform for 2-Furaldehyde Detection in Insulating Oil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2199-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia","family":"De Maria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RSE S.p.A., Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Arcadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gabetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESI S.p.A., Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Merli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4106-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarla","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Zeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7769-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Cennamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pesavento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.06.101","article-title":"Evolution of 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural and furfural in the production chain of the aged vinegar Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena","volume":"124","author":"Cocchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.10.031","article-title":"Changes in volatile composition of Madeira wines during their oxidative aging","volume":"563","author":"Camara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. 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