{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:21Z","timestamp":1760145681131,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62171414","U2341210","52175554","52205608","20210302124610","20210302123059","2023KY611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171414","U2341210","52175554","52205608","20210302124610","20210302123059","2023KY611"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["62171414","U2341210","52175554","52205608","20210302124610","20210302123059","2023KY611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171414","U2341210","52175554","52205608","20210302124610","20210302123059","2023KY611"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Student Innovation Project of Shanxi Province","award":["62171414","U2341210","52175554","52205608","20210302124610","20210302123059","2023KY611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171414","U2341210","52175554","52205608","20210302124610","20210302123059","2023KY611"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In cross-country skiing, ski poles play a crucial role in technique, propulsion, and overall performance. The kinematic parameters of ski poles can provide valuable information about the skier\u2019s technique, which is of great significance for coaches and athletes seeking to improve their skiing performance. In this work, a new smart ski pole is proposed, which combines the uniaxial load cell and the inertial measurement unit (IMU), aiming to provide comprehensive data measurement functions more easily and to play an auxiliary role in training. The ski pole can collect data directly related to skiing technical actions, such as the skier\u2019s pole force, pole angle, inertia data, etc., and the system\u2019s design, based on wireless transmission, makes the system more convenient to provide comprehensive data acquisition functions, in order to achieve a more simple and efficient use experience. In this experiment, the characteristic data obtained from the ski poles during the Double Poling of three skiers were extracted and the sample t-test was conducted. The results showed that the three skiers had significant differences in pole force, pole angle, and pole time. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the sports data of the people with good performance, and the results showed that the pole force and speed (r = 0.71) and pole support angle (r = 0.76) were significantly correlated. In addition, this study adopted the commonly used inertial sensor data for action recognition, combined with the load cell data as the input of the ski technical action recognition algorithm, and the recognition accuracy of five kinds of cross-country skiing technical actions (Diagonal Stride (DS), Double Poling (DP), Kick Double Poling (KDP), Two-stroke Glide (G2) and Five-stroke Glide (G5)) reached 99.5%, and the accuracy was significantly improved compared with similar recognition systems. Therefore, the equipment is expected to be a valuable training tool for coaches and athletes, helping them to better understand and improve their ski maneuver technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T09:29:41Z","timestamp":1723714181000},"page":"5291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Smart Ski Pole for Skiing Pattern Recognition and Quantification Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yangyanhao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215299, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7282-6613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301600, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiujian","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103694","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103694","article-title":"Wearable triboelectric sensors enabled gait analysis and waist motion capture for IoT-based smart healthcare applications","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. 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