{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:06Z","timestamp":1760145726078,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation of the Fujian Province","award":["2023J01234","2022ZZ202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01234","2022ZZ202"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Science &amp; Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China","award":["2023J01234","2022ZZ202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01234","2022ZZ202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As screen sizes are becoming larger and larger, exceeding human physical limitations for direct interaction via touching, remote control is inevitable. However, among the current solutions, inertial gyroscopes are susceptible to positional inaccuracies, and gesture recognition is limited by cameras\u2019 focus depths and viewing angles. Provided that the issue of ghost points can be effectively addressed, grating antenna light-trapping technology is an ideal candidate for multipoint inputs. Therefore, we propose a differential amplitude modulation scheme for grating antenna-based multi-beam optical touch, which can recognize different incidence points. The amplitude of the incident beams was first coded with different pulse widths. Then, following the capture of incident beams by the grating antenna and their conversion into electrical currents by the aligned detector arrays, the incident points of the individual beams were recognized and differentiated. The scheme was successfully verified on an 18-inch screen, where two-point optical touch with a position accuracy error of under 3 mm and a response time of less than 7 ms under a modulation frequency of 10 kHz on both incident beams was achieved. This work demonstrates a practical method to achieve remote multi-point touch, which can make digital mice more accurately represent the users\u2019 pointing directions by obeying the natural three-point one-line aiming rule instantaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T12:40:07Z","timestamp":1723812007000},"page":"5319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Signal-Amplitude-Modulated Multi-Beam Remote Optical Touch Based on Grating Antenna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peijin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hangzhou 311421, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s42486-019-00007-0","article-title":"Human-engaged computing: The future of human\u2013computer interaction","volume":"1","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"CCF Trans. 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