{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T19:55:41Z","timestamp":1778010941941,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme","award":["101004761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004761"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme","award":["05E18CHA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05E18CHA"]}]},{"name":"Wolfgang Gentner Program of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["101004761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004761"]}]},{"name":"Wolfgang Gentner Program of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["05E18CHA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05E18CHA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Two-Photon Absorption\u2013Transient Current Technique (TPA-TCT) is a device characterisation technique that enables three-dimensional spatial resolution. Laser light in the quadratic absorption regime is employed to generate excess charge carriers only in a small volume around the focal spot. The drift of the excess charge carriers is studied to obtain information about the device under test. Neutron-, proton-, and gamma-irradiated p-type pad silicon detectors up to equivalent fluences of about 7 \u00d7 1015\u00a0neq\/cm2 and a dose of 186\u00a0Mrad are investigated to study irradiation-induced effects on the TPA-TCT. Neutron and proton irradiation lead to additional linear absorption, which does not occur in gamma-irradiated detectors. The additional absorption is related to cluster damage, and the absorption scales according to the non-ionising energy loss. The influence of irradiation on the two-photon absorption coefficient is investigated, as well as potential laser beam depletion by the irradiation-induced linear absorption. Further, the electric field in neutron- and proton-irradiated pad detectors at an equivalent fluence of about 7 \u00d7 1015\u00a0neq\/cm2 is investigated, where the space charge of the proton-irradiated devices appears inverted compared to the neutron-irradiated device.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1724417887000},"page":"5443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study of Neutron-, Proton-, and Gamma-Irradiated Silicon Detectors Using the Two-Photon Absorption\u2013Transient Current Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4385-911X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pape","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Physics-AG Kr\u00f6ninger, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4824-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland"},{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Avenida de los Castros, E-39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7013-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Wiehe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9002(95)01295-8","article-title":"Development of transient current and charge techniques for the measurement of effective net concentration of ionized charges (Neff) in the space charge region of p-n junction detectors","volume":"372","author":"Eremin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucl. 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