{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:52:48Z","timestamp":1785268368671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52278332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52278332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of a micropile group is an effective method for small and medium-sized slope management. However, there is limited research on the pile\u2013soil interaction mechanism of micropile groups. Based on transparent soil and PIV technology, a test platform for the lateral load testing of slopes was constructed, and eight groups of transparent soil slope model experiments were performed. The changes in soil pressure and pile top displacement at the top of the piles during lateral loading were obtained. We scanned and photographed the slope, and obtained the deformation characteristics of the soil interior based on particle image velocimetry. A three-dimensional reconstruction program was developed to generate the displacement isosurface behind the pile. The impacts of various arrangement patterns and connecting beams on the deformation attributes and pile\u2013soil interaction mechanism were explored, and the pile\u2013soil interaction model of group piles was summarized. The results show that the front piles in a staggered arrangement bore more lateral thrust, and the distribution of soil pressure on each row of piles was more uniform. The connecting beams enhanced the overall stiffness of the pile group, reduced pile displacement, facilitated coordinated deformation of the pile group, and enhanced the anti-sliding effect of the pile\u2013soil composite structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1724417887000},"page":"5448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Transparent Soil Experiment to Investigate the Influence of Arrangement and Connecting Beams on the Pile\u2013Soil Interaction of Micropile Groups"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqing","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1983","article-title":"Centrifugal model test of slope reinforced by multi-row micro-pile frame structure","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rock Soil Mech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2019.100964","article-title":"Performance of hollow bar micropiles using green grout incorporating treated oil sand waste","volume":"27","author":"Aboutabikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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