{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:53:04Z","timestamp":1773179584217,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","award":["RS-2022-00141526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00141526"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary goal during cancer removal surgery is to completely excise the malignant tumor. Because the color of the tumor and surrounding tissues is very similar, it is difficult to observe with the naked eye, posing a risk of damaging surrounding blood vessels during the tumor removal process. Therefore, fluorescence emission is induced using a fluorescent contrast agent, and color classification is monitored through camera imaging. LEDs must be irradiated to generate the fluorescent emission electromotive force. However, the power and beam width of the LED are insufficient to generate this force effectively, so the beam width and intensity must be increased to irradiate the entire lesion. Additionally, there should be no shaded areas in the beam irradiation range. This paper proposes a method to enhance the beam width and intensity while eliminating shadow areas. A total reflection beam mirror was used to increase beam width and intensity. However, when the beam width increased, a shadow area appeared at the edge, limiting irradiation of the entire lesion. To compensate for this shadow area, a concave lens was combined with the beam mirror, resulting in an increase in beam width and intensity by more than 1.42 times and 18.6 times, respectively. Consequently, the beam width reached 111.8\u00b0, and the beam power was 13.6 mW. The proposed method is expected to be useful for observing tumors through the induction of fluorescence emission during cancer removal surgery or for pathological examination in the pathology department.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T03:32:01Z","timestamp":1724643121000},"page":"5503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increasing the Beam Width and Intensity with Refraction Power Effect Using a Combination of Beam Mirrors and Concave Mirrors for Surgical-Fluorescence-Emission-Guided Cancer Monitoring Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jina","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Premedicine Course & Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeongmin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premedicine Course & Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kicheol","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premedicine Course & Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, Dongnam Health University, Suwon 16328, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minchan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Yeob","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biohealth & Medical Engineering Major and Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biohealth & Medical Engineering Major and Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almotiri, J., Elleithy, K., and Elleithy, A. 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