{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T21:47:02Z","timestamp":1777067222895,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["NSC 95-2120-M-194-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 95-2120-M-194-002"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["NSC 96-2113-M-194-012-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 96-2113-M-194-012-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["NSC 102-2113-M-194-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 102-2113-M-194-003-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["NSTC 113-2222-E-194-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2222-E-194-002"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["NSTC 113-2640-B-194-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2640-B-194-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Particle plasmon resonance (PPR), or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), utilizes intrinsic resonance in metal nanoparticles for sensor fabrication. While diffraction grating waveguides monitor bioaffinity adsorption with out-of-plane illumination, integrating them with PPR for biomolecular detection schemes remains underexplored. This study introduces a label-free biosensing platform integrating PPR with a diffraction grating waveguide. Gold nanoparticles are immobilized on a glass slide in contact with a sample, while a UV-assisted embossed diffraction grating is positioned opposite. The setup utilizes diffraction in reflection to detect changes in the environment\u2019s refractive index, indicating biomolecular binding at the gold nanoparticle surface. The positional shift of the diffracted beam, measured with varying refractive indices of sucrose solutions, shows a sensitivity of 0.97 mm\/RIU at 8 cm from a position-sensitive detector, highlighting enhanced sensitivity due to PPR\u2013diffraction coupling near the gold nanoparticle surface. Furthermore, the sensor achieved a resolution of 3.1 \u00d7 10\u22124 refractive index unit and a detection limit of 4.4 pM for detection of anti-DNP. The sensitivity of the diffracted spot was confirmed using finite element method (FEM) simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. This study presents a significant advancement in biosensing technology, offering practical solutions for sensitive, rapid, and label-free biomolecule detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T06:19:01Z","timestamp":1724739541000},"page":"5536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Label-Free Biosensor Based on Particle Plasmon Resonance Coupled with Diffraction Grating Waveguide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Huang-Chin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Devesh","family":"Barshilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Po-Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Fu-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1659-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lai-Kwan","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7037-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Hsin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3739-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo-En","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-003-2101-0","article-title":"Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors","volume":"377","author":"Homola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. 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