{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:38:09Z","timestamp":1770331089198,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the influence of the photobleaching (PB) effect on the dosimetry performances of a phosphosilicate single-mode optical fiber (core diameter of 6.6 \u00b5m) operated at 638 nm, within the framework of the LUMINA project. Different irradiation tests were performed under ~40 keV mean energy fluence X-rays at a 530 \u00b5 Gy(SiO2)\/s dose rate to measure in situ the radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) growth and decay kinetics while injecting a 638 nm laser diode source with powers varying from 500 nW to 1 mW. For injected continuous power values under 1 \u00b5W, we did not measure any relevant influence of the photobleaching effect on the fiber radiation sensitivity coefficient of ~140 dB km\u22121 Gy\u22121 up to ~30 Gy. Above 1 \u00b5W, the fiber radiation sensitivity is significantly reduced due to the PB associated with the signal and can decrease to ~80 dB km\u22121 Gy\u22121 at 1 mW, strongly affecting the capability of this fiber to serve as a dosimeter-sensitive element. Higher power values up to 50 \u00b5W can still be used by properly choosing a pulsed regime with periodic injection cycles to reduce the PB efficiency and maintain the dosimetry properties. Basing on the acquired data, a simple model of the photobleaching effect on a coil of the investigated fiber is proposed in order to estimate its sensitivity coefficient evolution as a function of the cumulated dose and its fiber length when injecting a certain laser power. Additional studies need to investigate the influence of the temperature and the dose rate on the PB effects since these parameters were fixed during all the reported acquisitions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:58:46Z","timestamp":1724759926000},"page":"5547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Photobleaching Effect on the Sensitivity Calibration at 638 nm of a Phosphorus-Doped Single-Mode Optical Fiber Dosimeter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Fricano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Morana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Exail, 22300 Lannion, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"M\u00e9lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exail, 22300 Lannion, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Balcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Mekki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5383-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7210-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youcef","family":"Ouerdane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Boukenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exail, 22300 Lannion, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur et de la Recherche, 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70695-7","article-title":"Cancer Risk from Exposure to Galactic Cosmic Rays: Implications for Space Exploration by Human Beings","volume":"7","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Barth, J.L., LaBel, K.A., and Poivey, C. 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