{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T07:39:28Z","timestamp":1784187568751,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China\u2013Henan United Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20041102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20041102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China\u2013Henan United Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222102210082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Henan Province key R&amp;D and promotion special application","award":["U20041102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20041102"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province key R&amp;D and promotion special application","award":["222102210082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210082"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Fund and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","award":["U20041102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20041102"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Fund and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","award":["222102210082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface engineering techniques can be used to develop high-performance gas sensing materials and advance the development of sensors. In this study, we improved the gas sensing performance of two-dimensional (2D) WO3 nanoplates by combining surface Zn modification and the in situ formation of ZnWO4\/WO3 heterojunctions. Introducing Zn atoms by surface modification can reconstruct the atomic surface of 2D WO3 nanoplates, creating additional active sites. This allowed for the preparation of various types of ZnWO4\/WO3 heterojunctions on the surface of the WO3 nanoplates, which improved the selectivity and sensitivity to the target gas triethylamine. The sensor exhibited good gas sensing performance for triethylamine even at low operating temperatures and strongly resisted humidity changes. The ZnWO4\/WO3 material we prepared demonstrated a nearly threefold improvement in the triethylamine (TEA) response, with a gas sensing responsivity of 40.75 for 10 ppm of TEA at 250 \u00b0C. The sensor based on ZnWO4\/WO3 has a limit of detection (LOD) for TEA of 200 ppb in practical measurements (its theoretical LOD is even as low as 31 ppb). The method of growing ZnWO4 on the surface of WO3 nanoplates using surface modification techniques to form surface heterojunctions differs from ordinary composites. The results suggest that the in situ construction of surface heterojunctions using surface engineering strategies, such as in situ modifying, is a practical approach to enhance the gas sensing properties and resistance to the humidity changes of metal oxide materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T08:01:47Z","timestamp":1724918507000},"page":"5606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improving Triethylamine-Sensing Performance of WO3 Nanoplates through In Situ Heterojunction Construction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuening","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2019an","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127471","article-title":"Fast-response MEMS xylene gas sensor based on CuO\/WO3 hierarchical structure","volume":"429","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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