{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T05:30:18Z","timestamp":1774157418067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52175532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52305312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSGG20220831093403006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20220831093403006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Technical Projects of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee","award":["52175532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175532"]}]},{"name":"Key Technical Projects of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee","award":["52305312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305312"]}]},{"name":"Key Technical Projects of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee","award":["JSGG20220831093403006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20220831093403006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Highly efficient surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers offer significant advantages for microfluidic atomization. Aiming at highly efficient atomization, we innovatively accomplish dual-surface simultaneous atomization by strategically positioning the liquid supply outside the IDT aperture edge. Initially, we optimize Lamb wave transducers and specifically investigate their performance based on the ratio of substrate thickness to acoustic wavelength. When this ratio h\/\u03bb is approximately 1.25, the electromechanical coupling coefficient of A0-mode Lamb waves can reach around 5.5% for 128\u00b0 Y-X LiNbO3. We then study the mechanism of droplet atomization with the liquid supply positioned outside the IDT aperture edge. Experimental results demonstrate that optimized Lamb wave transducers exhibit clear dual-surface simultaneous atomization. These transducers provide equivalent amplitude acoustic wave vibrations on both surfaces, causing the liquid thin film to accumulate at the edges of the dual-surface and form a continuous mist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T08:01:47Z","timestamp":1724918507000},"page":"5607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of Highly Efficient Lamb Wave Transducers toward Dual-Surface Simultaneous Atomization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhui","family":"Gai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinghe","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honggeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNNC Shenzhen Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 523000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50361e","article-title":"Surface acoustic wave microfluidics","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc90076a","article-title":"Surface acoustic wave (SAW) acoustophoresis: Now and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ning, J., Lei, Y., Hu, H., and Gai, C. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Surface Acoustic Wave-Enabled Acoustic Droplet Ejection Technology and Its Applications. Micromachines, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14081543"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W., Yang, Q., Liao, J., Ramadan, S., Fan, X., Hu, S., Liu, X., Luo, J., Tao, R., and Fu, C. (2024). Integrated Rayleigh wave streaming-enhanced sensitivity of shear horizontal surface acoustic wave biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron., 247.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115944"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17063","article-title":"Ultrasonic surface acoustic wave elastography: A review of basic theories, technical developments, and medical applications","volume":"51","author":"Masud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"072009","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0215087","article-title":"Numerical study of thermocapillary and slip effects on interfacial destabilization under surface acoustic waves","volume":"36","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2023.114911","article-title":"Atomization characteristics of 9.6 MHz directional surface acoustic wave for 1-micron spray system","volume":"365","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2024.107359","article-title":"Simple, and highly efficient edge-effect surface acoustic wave atomizer","volume":"142","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.135988","article-title":"Acoustofluidic separation of cell-encapsulated droplets based on traveling surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force","volume":"415","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c04273","article-title":"Optimization analysis of particle separation parameters for a standing surface acoustic wave acoustofluidic chip","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00291","article-title":"Rapid Concentration and Detection of Bacteria in Milk Using a Microfluidic Surface Acoustic Wave Activated Nanosieve","volume":"9","author":"Ang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Kannan, T. (2006). Finite Element Analysis of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan]."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.04.006","article-title":"Advances in piezoelectric thin films for acoustic biosensors, acoustofluidics and lab-on-chip applications","volume":"89","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2019.01.090","article-title":"Investigation of Rayleigh wave and love wave modes in 112 0 zno film based multilayer structure","volume":"363","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surf. Coatings Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1109\/58.949756","article-title":"A unified formalism using effective surface permittivity to study acoustic waves in various anisotropic and piezoelectric multilayers","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2024.3386876","article-title":"Analysis Method for the Influence of Parasitic Surface Conductivity on Silicon-Based Surface Acoustic Wave Devices","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"159","article-title":"A Simplified Analysis Of The Acoustic Waves Utilizing A Complex Effective Surface Permittivity","volume":"26","author":"KAWALEC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Quantum Acoust."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/1081286519883674","article-title":"Lamb\u2019s problem: A brief history","volume":"25","author":"Emami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Mech. Solids"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"114","article-title":"On waves in an elastic plate","volume":"93","author":"Lamb","year":"1917","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Contain. Pap. Math. Phys. Character"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enganabound.2023.08.010","article-title":"The method of fundamental solutions for the high frequency acoustic-elastic problem and its relationship to a pure acoustic problem","volume":"156","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504861","article-title":"HYbriD resonant acoustics (HYDRA)","volume":"28","author":"Rezk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Yu, H., Liu, W., Hu, K., Sun, S., Yang, Z., and Wang, B. (2024). Grooving and Absorption on Substrates to Reduce the Bulk Acoustic Wave for Surface Acoustic Wave Micro-Force Sensors. Micromachines, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15050637"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17337","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3386917","article-title":"Advancements in One-Port Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Resonators for Sensing Applications: A Review","volume":"24","author":"Kent","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1299\/mer.19-00402","article-title":"A review: Controlling the propagation of surface acoustic waves via waveguides for potential use in acoustofluidics","volume":"7","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12358","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b02850","article-title":"Lamb to Rayleigh wave conversion on superstrates as a means to facilitate disposable acoustomicrofluidic applications","volume":"91","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2022.3150975","article-title":"Development of lamb wave-based unidirectional transducers toward highly efficient microfluidic applications","volume":"69","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2004.1295431","article-title":"A compliance\/stiffness matrix formulation of general Green\u2019s function and effective permittivity for piezoelectric multilayers","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1976.10190","article-title":"Surface-acoustic-wave devices for communications","volume":"64","author":"Hays","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312861","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202312861","article-title":"Monolithic Strong Coupling of Topological Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators on Lithium Niobate","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4930050","article-title":"Surface acoustic wave propagation in graphene film","volume":"118","author":"Roshchupkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roshchupkin, D., Emelin, E., Plotitcina, O., Mololkin, A., and Telminov, O. (2021). Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation of Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation in a 41\u00b0 YX-Cut of a LiNbO3 Crystal\/Si Layered Structure. Crystals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11091082"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2017.07.035","article-title":"Fast time-domain laser Doppler vibrometry characterization of surface acoustic waves devices","volume":"264","author":"Smagin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Phys."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2023.120377","article-title":"Combination of pulse signal modulation and hydrophilic treatment of a substrate for controlling the thermal distribution in surface acoustic wave atomization","volume":"228","author":"Gai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/17\/5607\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:45:08Z","timestamp":1760111108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/17\/5607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s24175607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24175607","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]}}}