{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:08:41Z","timestamp":1781021321625,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biogen"},{"name":"Takeda"},{"name":"Critical Path for Parkinson\u2019s Consortium 3DT Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prevalence estimates of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)\u2014the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease\u2014are generally underestimated due to issues surrounding diagnostic accuracy, symptomatic undiagnosed cases, suboptimal prodromal monitoring, and limited screening access. Remotely monitored wearable devices and sensors provide precise, objective, and frequent measures of motor and non-motor symptoms. Here, we used consumer-grade wearable device and sensor data from the WATCH-PD study to develop a PD screening tool aimed at eliminating the gap between patient symptoms and diagnosis. Early-stage PD patients (n = 82) and age-matched comparison participants (n = 50) completed a multidomain assessment battery during a one-year longitudinal multicenter study. Using disease- and behavior-relevant feature engineering and multivariate machine learning modeling of early-stage PD status, we developed a highly accurate (92.3%), sensitive (90.0%), and specific (100%) random forest classification model (AUC = 0.92) that performed well across environmental and platform contexts. These findings provide robust support for further exploration of consumer-grade wearable devices and sensors for global population-wide PD screening and surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T07:45:47Z","timestamp":1725003947000},"page":"5637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Wearable Sensor-Based Assessments for Remotely Screening Early-Stage Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalis","family":"Kantartjis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Dorsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tairmae","family":"Kangarloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Kostrzebski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Merickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Jezewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Polyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Cosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ink, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3299","article-title":"The Parkinson Pandemic\u2014A Call to Action","volume":"75","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0058-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s Disease across North America","volume":"4","author":"Marras","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Park. 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