{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T03:02:10Z","timestamp":1771988530021,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U23A20138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20138"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52374387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52374387"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024JJ6205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ6205"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024JJ7140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ7140"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","award":["U23A20138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20138"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","award":["52374387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52374387"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024JJ6205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ6205"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024JJ7140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ7140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of dopamine is of great significance for human health. Herein, Pd nanoparticles were loaded on Cu nanoplates (Pd\/Cu NPTs) by a novel liquid phase reduction method. A novel dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor based on the Pd NPs\/Cu\/glass carbon electrode (Pd\/Cu NPTs\/GCE) was constructed. This sensor showed a wide linear range of 0.047 mM to 1.122 mM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1045 \u03bcM (S\/N = 3) for DA. The improved performance of this sensor is attributed to the obtained tiny Pd nanoparticles which increase the catalytic active sites and electrochemical active surface areas (ECSAs). Moreover, the larger surface area of two\u2013dimensional Cu nanoplates can load more Pd nanoparticles, which is another reason to improve performance. The Pd\/Cu NPTs\/GCE sensor also showed a good reproducibility, stability, and excellent anti\u2013interference ability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T12:54:42Z","timestamp":1725281682000},"page":"5702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pd Nanoparticles Loaded on Cu Nanoplate Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Haihu","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinpu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zengmin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2132-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2024.118157","article-title":"A review: Progress and trend advantage of dopamine electrochemical sensor","volume":"959","author":"Karim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117367","article-title":"Advanced functional materials for electrochemical dopamine sensors","volume":"169","author":"Burns","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"345","article-title":"A review of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its composites-based electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection","volume":"60","author":"Cogal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym.-Plast. Technol. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.20964\/2020.01.61","article-title":"Electrochemical detection of neurotransmitter dopamine","volume":"15","author":"Siddeeg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s13206-019-3106-x","article-title":"Nanomaterial-modified hybrid platforms for precise electrochemical detection of dopamine","volume":"13","author":"Suhito","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioChip J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghanavesi, S., Memedi, M., Dougherty, M., Nyholm, D., and Westin, J. (2017). Verification of a method for measuring Parkinson\u2019s disease related temporal irregularity in spiral drawings. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102341"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14029","DOI":"10.3390\/s131014029","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of dopamine, serotonin and ascorbic acid at a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon-spheres","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8423","DOI":"10.3390\/s8128423","article-title":"A nonoxidative electrochemical sensor based on a self-doped polyaniline\/carbon nanotube composite for sensitive and selective detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.08.032","article-title":"Quantum dot-enhanced chemiluminescence detection for simultaneous determination of dopamine and epinephrine by capillary electrophoresis","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Ran, J., Yi, H., Feng, P., and Liu, B. (2023). A homogeneous colorimetric strategy based on rose-like CuS@prussian blue\/Pt for detection of dopamine. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229029"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Chen, T., Ying, Y., and Wu, J. (2024). Detection of dopamine based on aptamer-modified graphene microelectrode. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092934"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04670","article-title":"Chemiluminescence of lucigenin\/riboflavin and its application for selective and sensitive dopamine detection","volume":"91","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-020-02091-w","article-title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of neurotransmitter dopamine from scalable UV irradiation-based nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode","volume":"43","author":"Soni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121851","article-title":"Holey nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel for simultaneously electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid","volume":"224","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN01912G","article-title":"Three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based metal-free electrochemical sensors for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, and acetaminophen","volume":"146","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choo, S., Kang, E.S., Song, I., Lee, D., Choi, J.W., and Kim, T.H. (2017). Electrochemical detection of dopamine using 3D porous graphene oxide\/gold nanoparticle composites. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201704.0036.v1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16614","DOI":"10.3390\/s150716614","article-title":"Electrochemical co-reduction synthesis of AuPt bimetallic nanoparticles-graphene nanocomposites for selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, Z.M., Zhang, L., Tang, S.J., Li, J.P., Xu, J.X., Li, N., Xu, L.J., and Du, J.J. (2022). Synthesis of Co3O4 nanoplates by thermal decomposition for the colorimetric detection of dopamine. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12172990"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202000579","article-title":"Self-sssembly of ferrocene-phenylalanine@graphene oxide hybrid hydrogels for dopamine detection","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-015-2805-z","article-title":"An amperometric sensitive dopamine biosensor based on novel copper oxide nanostructures","volume":"23","author":"Baloach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsyst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.09.116","article-title":"3D Graphene hydrogel\u2014Gold nanoparticles nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid","volume":"238","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Q., Liu, J., Liu, X., Li, G., Deng, P., and Liang, J. (2018). Preparation of Cu2O-reduced graphene nanocomposite modified electrodes towards ultrasensitive dopamine detection. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010199"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, N., Liu, B., and Zhang, H. (2024). Hydrogen peroxide and dopamine sensors based on electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide\/silver nanoparticles. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020355"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB00501B","article-title":"Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles anchored on \u03b1-Fe2O3nonenzymatic hybrid nanoelectrocatalyst for simultaneous electrochemical detection of dopamine and uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid","volume":"4","author":"Sumathi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.201090098","article-title":"Rhombic polyaniline microsheets constituted of nanoparticles: Synthesis and application to the detection of dopamine","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2009.09.054","article-title":"Cu nanoparticles incorporated polypyrrole modified GCE for sensitive simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid","volume":"80","author":"Ulubay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Tang, S., Zhang, L., Du, J., Xu, J., Li, N., and Tang, Z. (2022). Preparation of copper nanoplates in aqueous phase and electrochemical detection of dopamine. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12070999"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2019.10.011","article-title":"Ag@Au core\/shell triangular nanoplates with dual enzyme-like properties for the colorimetric sensing of glucose","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.8b03460","article-title":"Large-scale and galvanic replacement free synthesis of Cu@Ag core\u2013shell nanowires for flexible electronics","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.07.156","article-title":"Synthesis of Cu@Pd core-shell nanowires with enhanced activity and stability for formic acid oxidation","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2023.117544","article-title":"Fine-tuning of Pd\u2013CeO2\/rGO nanocomposite: A facile synergetic strategy for effective electrochemical detection of dopamine in pharmaceutical and biological samples","volume":"941","author":"Prasad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-015-1668-4","article-title":"Non-enzymatic sensing of dopamine using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite consisting of palladium nanocubes supported on reduced graphene oxide in a nafion matrix","volume":"183","author":"Hsieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7026","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.7026","article-title":"The double-edged sword of the amoxicillin antibiotic against prostate cancer in nano palladium form and its electrochemical detection of dopamine","volume":"37","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.06.011","article-title":"Simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid using palladium nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers modified electrode","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6486","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR00967D","article-title":"Facile and novel synthesis of palladium nanoparticles supported on a carbon aerogel for ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing of biomolecules","volume":"9","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3866-y","article-title":"Copper-induced synthesis of palladium\/copper popcorn nanoparticles as sensors for differential pulse voltammetric determination of dopamine","volume":"186","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0728(79)80075-3","article-title":"General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems","volume":"101","author":"Laviron","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Tang, J., Lin, Y., Li, J., Yang, Y., Zhao, P., Fei, J., and Xie, Y. (2022). Ultrasensitive determination of natural flavonoid rutin using an electrochemical sensor based on metal-organic framework CAU-1\/acidified carbon nanotubes composites. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4129101"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-015-1455-2","article-title":"Dopamine sensor based on a hybrid material composed of cuprous oxide hollow microspheres and carbon black","volume":"182","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.03.070","article-title":"A double signal amplification platform for ultrasensitive and simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and acetaminophen based on a nanocomposite of ferrocene thiolate stabilized Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles with graphene sheet","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122157","article-title":"N-doped Cu-MOFs for efficient electrochemical determination of dopamine and sulfanilamide","volume":"390","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5148","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b01217","article-title":"Novel nanostructured Pt\/CeO2@Cu2O carbon-based electrode to magnify the electrochemical detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine and analgesic paracetamol","volume":"1","author":"Rajamani","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.01.205","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of Au-Cu2O\/rGO nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for selective and simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid","volume":"74","author":"Aparna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5047","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c00530","article-title":"Cu@Pd core\u2013shell nanostructures on pencil graphite substrates as disposable electrochemical sensors for the detection of biological amines","volume":"4","author":"Gajjala","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/17\/5702\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:46:59Z","timestamp":1760111219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/17\/5702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s24175702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24175702","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]}}}