{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:26:00Z","timestamp":1760145960904,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of ISE-based sensors for the analysis of nitrates in liquid phase is described in this work. Focusing on the tetradodecylammonium nitrate (TDDAN) ion exchanger as well as on fluoropolysiloxane (FPSX) polymer-based layers, electrodeposited matrixes containing double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), embedded in either polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) or polypyrrole (PPy) polymers, ensured improved ion-to-electron transducing layers for NO3\u2212 detection. Thus, FPSX-based pNO3-ElecCell microsensors exhibited good detection properties (sensitivity up to 55 mV\/pX for NO3 values ranging from 1 to 5) and acceptable selectivity in the presence of the main interferent anions (Cl\u2212, HCO3\u2212, and SO42\u2212). Focusing on the temporal drift bottleneck, mixed results were obtained. On the one hand, relatively stable measurements and low temporal drifts (~1.5 mV\/day) were evidenced on several days. On the other hand, the pNO3 sensor properties were degraded in the long term, being finally characterized by high response times, low detection sensitivities, and important measurement instabilities. These phenomena were related to the formation of some thin water-based layers at the polymer\u2013metal interface, as well as the physicochemical properties of the TDDAN ion exchanger in the FPSX matrix. However, the improvements obtained thanks to DWCNT-based ion-to-electron transducing layers pave the way for the long-term analysis of NO3\u2212 ions in real water-based solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24185994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1726486597000},"page":"5994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study of Ion-to-Electron Transducing Layers for the Detection of Nitrate Ions Using FPSX(TDDAN)-Based Ion-Sensitive Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Camille","family":"Bene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, LAAS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"INSAT, UT3-PS, INP, University of Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Laborde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, LAAS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"INSAT, UT3-PS, INP, University of Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"L\u00e9gnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse INP, CNRS, CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8344-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Flahaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse INP, CNRS, CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Launay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, LAAS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"INSAT, UT3-PS, INP, University of Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Temple-Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, LAAS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"INSAT, UT3-PS, INP, University of Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12045","article-title":"Do plants need nitrate? 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