{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:24:46Z","timestamp":1760145886210,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the paper, a new design of a quasi-isotropic antenna for high-power electromagnetic (EM) field measurement is presented, along with its investigation into suitability. The measuring probe is intended for assessing pulsed microwaves, which cannot be measured by available meters due to the high value of electric field strength and short pulse duration. The measurement of such a strong field is required according to guidelines for protecting people against microwave fields, especially those emitted by radars. The proposed probe is based on the concept of dipole\u2013diode detection. To enable high-power measurement, the receiving antenna is electrically \u201csmall,\u201d allowing diode detection within the diode square-law characteristics range. Additionally, the shortened dipole length minimizes the spatial integration error, which can be significant in the case of microwave measurement. To obtain the desired antenna polarization, a new dipole geometry was proposed. Fulfilling the requirement of measuring all incident EM field polarizations, the receiving antenna was based on three dipoles arranged within a specific \u201cmagic\u201d angular arrangement, ensuring a suitable quasi-isotropic radiation pattern. The proposed probe can operate in a frequency range from 1 GHz to 12 GHz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1726486597000},"page":"6001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Quasi-Isotropic Probe for High-Power Microwave Field Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6791-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Kubacki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Laskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Bia\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kuchta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Narda Safety Test Solutions (2024, August 31). 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Netw."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146296","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3122181","article-title":"Recent Advancements in Quasi-Isotropic Antennas: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/18\/6001\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:57:29Z","timestamp":1760111849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/18\/6001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s24186001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24186001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]}}}