{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:48:18Z","timestamp":1773251298387,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant","award":["IT06030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT06030"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant","award":["565429-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["565429-2022"]}]},{"name":"NSERC Create program","award":["IT06030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT06030"]}]},{"name":"NSERC Create program","award":["565429-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["565429-2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a novel centrifugal microfluidic approach (so-called lab-on-a-CD) for magnetic circulating tumor cell (CTC) separation from the other healthy cells according to their physical and acquired chemical properties. This study enhances the efficiency of CTC isolation, crucial for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. CTCs are cells that break away from primary tumors and travel through the bloodstream; however, isolating CTCs from blood cells is difficult due to their low numbers and diverse characteristics. The proposed microfluidic device consists of two sections: a passive section that uses inertial force and bifurcation law to sort CTCs into different streamlines based on size and shape and an active section that uses magnetic forces along with Dean drag, inertial, and centrifugal forces to capture magnetized CTCs at the downstream of the microchannel. The authors designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested the device with cultured cancer cells and human cells. We also proposed a cost-effective method to mitigate the surface roughness and smooth surfaces created by micromachines and a unique pulsatile technique for flow control to improve separation efficiency. The possibility of a device with fewer layers to improve the leaks and alignment concerns was also demonstrated. The fabricated device could quickly handle a large volume of samples and achieve a high separation efficiency (93%) of CTCs at an optimal angular velocity. The paper shows the feasibility and potential of the proposed centrifugal microfluidic approach to satisfy the pumping, cell sorting, and separating functions for CTC separation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T09:49:19Z","timestamp":1726652959000},"page":"6031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Novel Size-Based Centrifugal Microfluidic Design to Enrich and Magnetically Isolate Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Cells through Biocompatible Magnetite\u2013Arginine Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Farahinia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Khani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada"}]},{"given":"Tyler A.","family":"Morhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices (SyLMAND), Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada"}]},{"given":"Garth","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices (SyLMAND), Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0500-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ildiko","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Design and Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0688-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"lb230","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb230","article-title":"Highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells by microarray in a microfluidic device","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Kim, M.S., Moon, H.S., Kim, S.S., Park, J.M., and Huh, N. 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