{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:52:57Z","timestamp":1775447577614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3902900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3902900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42192583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42301457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (NSFC)","award":["2022YFB3902900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3902900"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (NSFC)","award":["42192583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192583"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (NSFC)","award":["41471354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471354"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (NSFC)","award":["42301457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301457"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3902900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3902900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42192583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42301457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The leaf area index (LAI) is a key indicator of vegetation canopy structure and growth status, crucial for global ecological environment research. The Moderate Resolution Spectral Imager-II (MERSI-II) aboard Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) covers the globe twice daily, providing a reliable data source for large-scale and high-frequency LAI estimation. VI-based LAI estimation is effective, but species and growth status impacts on the sensitivity of the VI\u2013LAI relationship are rarely considered, especially for MERSI-II. This study analyzed the VI\u2013LAI relationship for eight biomes in China with contrasting leaf structures and canopy architectures. The LAI was estimated by adaptively combining multiple VIs and validated using MODIS, GLASS, and ground measurements. Results show that (1) species and growth stages significantly affect VI\u2013LAI sensitivity. For example, the EVI is optimal for broadleaf crops in winter, while the RDVI is best for evergreen needleleaf forests in summer. (2) Combining vegetation indices can significantly optimize sensitivity. The accuracy of multi-VI-based LAI retrieval is notably higher than using a single VI for the entire year. (3) MERSI-II shows good spatial\u2013temporal consistency with MODIS and GLASS and is more sensitive to vegetation growth fluctuation. Direct validation with ground-truth data also demonstrates that the uncertainty of retrievals is acceptable (R2 = 0.808, RMSE = 0.642).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:56:06Z","timestamp":1727168166000},"page":"6106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Estimation of Leaf Area Index across Biomes and Growth Stages Combining Multiple Vegetation Indices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fangyi","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaimin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}]},{"given":"Shunxia","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3020-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00992.x","article-title":"Defining leaf area index for non-flat leaves","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1029\/2018RG000608","article-title":"An Overview of Global Leaf Area Index (LAI): Methods, Products, Validation, and Applications","volume":"57","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. 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