{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:30:48Z","timestamp":1778499048422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Lighthouse project SWAP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The point cloud is one of the measurement results of local measurement and is widely used because of its high measurement accuracy, high data density, and low environmental impact. However, since point cloud data from a single measurement are generally small in spatial extent, it is necessary to accurately globalize the local point cloud to measure large components. In this paper, the method of using an iGPS (indoor Global Positioning System) as an external measurement device to realize high-accuracy globalization of local point cloud data is proposed. Two calibration models are also discussed for different application scenarios. Verification experiments prove that the average calibration errors of these two calibration models are 0.12 mm and 0.17 mm, respectively. The proposed method can maintain calibration precision in a large spatial range (about 10 m \u00d7 10 m \u00d7 5 m), which is of high value for engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:56:06Z","timestamp":1727168166000},"page":"6114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Calibration Methods for Large-Scale and High-Precision Globalization of Local Point Cloud Data Based on iGPS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8945-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF, Sandtorstrasse 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun East Road 80, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Dunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF, Sandtorstrasse 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5030-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Trostmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF, Sandtorstrasse 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun East Road 80, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186","article-title":"Digital Twin in Industry: State-of-the-Art","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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