{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:15Z","timestamp":1760146035311,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","award":["22K04038","18K04070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K04038","18K04070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a page-turning strategy using an assistive robot that has a low-degree-of-freedom robotic hand. The robotic hand is based on human object handling characteristics, which significantly reduces the number of fingers and joints required to handle various objects. The robotic hand has right and left planar fingers that can transform their shape to handle various objects. To turn a page, the robot uses the planar fingers to push the surface of the page and then rotates the fingers. The design concept, mechanism, sensor system, strategy for page turning, and control system of the robotic hand are presented. The experimental results show that the robot can turn pages using the proposed method; however, it sometimes failed to turn the page when the robotic hand height was too low and too close to the book because the rotation of the fingers was stopped by the book. When the hand detects excessive force during page turning, the control system changes the shape of the fingers and releases the force from the book. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the control system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:56:06Z","timestamp":1727168166000},"page":"6162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Page Turning Using Assistive Robot with Low-Degree-of-Freedom Hand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Department of Engineering (Mechanical and System Engineering Field, Advanced Manufacturing Robotics and System Control Course), Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki City 945-1103, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Mizukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama 939-8045, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama 939-8045, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama 939-8045, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hokyoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Department of Engineering (Mechanical and System Engineering Field, Advanced Manufacturing Robotics and System Control Course), Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki City 945-1103, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Department of Engineering (Mechanical and System Engineering Field, Advanced Manufacturing Robotics and System Control Course), Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki City 945-1103, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02474360","article-title":"An automatic hand prosthesis","volume":"2","year":"1964","journal-title":"Med Electron. 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