{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T03:06:21Z","timestamp":1767927981103,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sprint performance is commonly assessed via discrete sprint tests and analyzed through kinematic estimates modeled using a mono-exponential equation, including estimated maximal sprinting speed (MSS), relative acceleration (TAU), maximum acceleration (MAC), and relative propulsive maximal power (PMAX). The acceleration\u2013velocity profile (AVP) provides a simple summary of short sprint performance using two parameters: MSS and MAC, which are useful for simplifying descriptions of sprint performance, comparison between athletes and groups of athletes, and estimating changes in performance over time or due to training intervention. However, discrete testing poses logistical challenges and defines an athlete\u2019s AVP exclusively from the performance achieved in an isolated testing environment. Recently, an in situ AVP (velocity\u2013acceleration method) was proposed to estimate kinematic parameters from velocity and acceleration data obtained via global or local positioning systems (GPS\/LPS) over multiple training sessions, plausibly improving the time efficiency of sprint monitoring and increasing the sample size that defines the athlete\u2019s AVP. However, the validity and sensitivity of estimates derived from the velocity\u2013acceleration method in relation to changes in criterion scores remain elusive. To assess the concurrent validity and sensitivity of kinematic measures from the velocity\u2013acceleration method, 31 elite youth basketball athletes (23 males and 8 females) completed two maximal effort 30 m sprint trials. Performance was simultaneously measured by a laser gun and an LPS (Kinexon), with kinematic parameters estimated using the time\u2013velocity and velocity\u2013acceleration methods. Agreement (%Bias) between laser gun and LPS-derived estimates was within the practically significant magnitude (\u00b15%), while confidence intervals for the percentage mean absolute difference (%MAD) overlapped practical significance for TAU, MAC, and PMAX using the velocity\u2013acceleration method. Only the MSS parameter showed a sensitivity (%MDC95) within practical significance (&lt;5%), with all other parameters showing unsatisfactory sensitivity (&gt;10%) for both the time\u2013velocity and velocity\u2013acceleration methods. Thus, sports practitioners may be confident in the concurrent validity and sensitivity of MSS estimates derived in situ using the velocity\u2013acceleration method, while caution should be applied when using this method to infer an athlete\u2019s maximal acceleration capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1727236884000},"page":"6192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Agreement and Sensitivity of the Acceleration\u2013Velocity Profile Derived via Local Positioning System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4013-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mladen","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Arguedas-Soley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"High Performance Department, Greater Western Sydney Giants Football Club, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrije","family":"Cabarkapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory\u2014Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Performance Center, 35246 Vaxjo, Sweden"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5339-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad","family":"Truni\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5133-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Bankovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9p\u00e1si","family":"Rich\u00e1rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Basketball Methodology and Education, 7621 Pecs, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2016-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandor","family":"Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport, Training Theory and Methodology Research Center, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Ratgeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Basketball Methodology and Education, 7621 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Sports Games, Institute of Sport, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004440","article-title":"The effects of strength and conditioning interventions on sprinting performance in team sport athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Murphy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, M., Cabarkapa, D., Andersson, H., Nagy, D., Trunic, N., Bankovic, V., Zivkovic, A., Repasi, R., Safar, S., and Ratgeber, L. (2024). Effects of the Flying Start on Estimated Short Sprint Profiles Using Timing Gates. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092894"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1927.0035","article-title":"The Dynamics of \u201cSprint\u201d Running","volume":"102","author":"Furusawa","year":"1927","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.07.020","article-title":"A simple method for computing sprint acceleration kinetics from running velocity data: Replication study with improved design","volume":"94","author":"Morin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12490","article-title":"A Simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running: Simple method to compute sprint mechanics","volume":"26","author":"Samozino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"267","article-title":"Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training","volume":"11","author":"Morin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Perf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.712712","article-title":"Accuracy of the LPM tracking system considering dynamic position changes","volume":"30","author":"Ogris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Link, D., Weber, M., Linke, D., and Lames, M. (2019). Can positioning systems replace timing gates for measuring sprint time in ice hockey?. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01882"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linke, D., Link, D., and Lames, M. (2018). Validation of electronic performance and tracking systems EPTS under field conditions. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199519"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blauberger, P., Marzilger, R., and Lames, M. (2021). Validation of player and ball tracking with a local positioning system. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041465"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"6","article-title":"Individual in-situ GPS-derived acceleration-speed profiling: Toward automatization and refinement in male professional rugby union players","volume":"10","author":"Miguens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clavel, P., Leduc, C., Morin, J.-B., Buchheit, M., and Lacome, M. (2023). Reliability of individual acceleration-speed profile in-situ in elite youth soccer players. J. Biomech., 153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111602"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2305005","article-title":"In-situ acceleration-speed profile of an elite soccer academy: A cross-sectional study","volume":"41","author":"Cardoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Galv\u00e1n, L.M., Boullosa, D., Jim\u00e9nez-Reyes, P., Cuadrado-Pe\u00f1afiel, V., and Casado, A. (2021). Examination of the Sprinting and Jumping Force-Velocity Profiles in Young Soccer Players at Different Maturational Stages. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094646"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002218","article-title":"Reliability of three timing systems used to time short on ice-skating sprints in ice hockey players","volume":"31","author":"Bond","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morin, J.-B., Le Mat, Y., Osgnach, C., Barnab\u00f2, A., Pilati, A., Samozino, P., and di Prampero, P.E. (2021). Individual acceleration-speed profile in-situ: A proof of concept in professional football players. J. Biomech., 123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110524"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2032371","article-title":"Reliability and validity of an indoor local positioning system for measuring external load in ice hockey players","volume":"23","author":"Gamble","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, M. (2024, May 22). {shorts}: Short Sprints. R Package, Version 3.2.0. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=shorts."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, M., and Vescovi, J. (2022). {shorts}: An R package for modeling short sprints. Int. J. Strength Cond., 2.","DOI":"10.47206\/ijsc.v2i1.74"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, M. (2020). Bmbstats: Bootstrap Magnitude-Based Statistics for Sports Scientists, Self-Published by Mladen Jovanovi\u0107."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furlan, L., and Sterr, A. (2018). The applicability of standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change to motor learning research\u2014A behavioral study. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00095"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efron, B., and Hastie, T. (2016). Computer Age Statistical Inference: Algorithms, Evidence, and Data Science, Cambridge University Press. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316576533"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davison, A.C., and Hinkley, D.V. (1997). Bootstrap Methods and Their Applications, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802843"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Canty, A., and Ripley, B.D. (2024, January 21). Boot: Bootstrap Functions. R Package 2017. Version 1.3-28. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=boot."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, M. (2020, August 03). {bmbstats}: Bootstrap Magnitude-Based Statistics for Sports Scientists. R Package 2020. Version 0.0.0.90001. Available online: https:\/\/mladenjovanovic.github.io\/bmbstats\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3471","article-title":"Inference by eye: Reading the overlap of independent confidence intervals","volume":"28","author":"Cumming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.60.2.170","article-title":"Inference by Eye: Confidence intervals and how to read pictures of data","volume":"60","author":"Cumming","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613504966","article-title":"The New Statistics","volume":"25","author":"Cumming","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2018.1518266","article-title":"The new statistics for better science: Ask how much, how uncertain, and what else is known","volume":"73","author":"Cumming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calin-Jageman, R., and Cumming, G. (2024). From significance testing to estimation and open science: How esci can help. Int. J. Psychol.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.13132"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.1.1.50","article-title":"Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes","volume":"1","author":"Batterham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Perform."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cumming, G., and Calin-Jageman, R. (2024). Introduction to the New Statistics: Estimation, Open Science, and Beyond, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9781032689470"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"563","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the acceleration-speed profile for assessing running kinematics\u2019 variables derived from the force-velocity profile in professional soccer players","volume":"38","author":"Majano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/19\/6192\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:02:15Z","timestamp":1760112135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/19\/6192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s24196192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24196192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}}}