{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:37Z","timestamp":1760146057401,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhongshan Research Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology","award":["CXTD2023006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD2023006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spacecraft recovery technology is crucial in the field of aerospace, in which the parachute plays a key role in slowing down the descent speed of the spacecraft and realizing a smooth landing. In order to construct a dynamically adjustable parachute deployment strategy, it is necessary to measure the parachute dynamic load accurately in real-time. However, the existing sensor measurement scheme makes it difficult to meet the measurement requirements due to its large structure and complex wiring. In order to meet the current demand for real-time measurement of parachute cords dynamic load, a miniature measuring instrument is designed. According to the function and technical requirements of the miniature measuring instrument, the hardware modules of the acquisition system are selected and designed, and the integration debugging and performance optimization of the microcontroller module, A\/D sampling module, signal acquisition circuit, and power supply module are carried out. The software of the parachute cords tension acquisition system based on the miniature measuring instrument is developed. The Load Cell is modeled by using SolidWorks 2022 and statically analyzed by using Ansys 2022 R1 Workbench finite element analysis software. Then the final structure of the Load Cell and the pasting position of the strain gauge are determined through the results analysis as well as experimental verification. The hardware module of the signal acquisition system for the miniature measuring instrument is then encapsulated. The force value of the miniature measuring instrument is calibrated and tested many times by using the microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine. The experimental results show that the designed miniature measuring instrument has accurate data, strong stability, and good real-time performance, which meets the demand for real-time accurate measurement of miniature measuring instruments, and can provide reliable data for parachute cords parameter validation and stepless unfolding design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T08:20:52Z","timestamp":1727338852000},"page":"6232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Development of Miniature Measuring Instrument for Parachute Cords Dynamic Load for Stepless Parachute Opening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Simulation and load impact analysis of parachute extraction process","volume":"38","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aerosp. Recovery Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yu, X.L. (2023). Design and Experiment of Strain-Type Yarn Tension Sensor. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University]."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"51","article-title":"Design of Strain-type Steel Wire Rope Tension Sensor","volume":"38","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Min. Mach."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"177","article-title":"Research on the Application of Tension Monitoring Sensors for Steel Wire Ropes in Mine Hoisting Machines","volume":"37","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mech. Manag. Dev."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"189","article-title":"Design of traction parachute rope tension sensor","volume":"46","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mach. Manuf. Autom."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"99","article-title":"Design and Finite Element Analysis of Non-Invasive Wing Parachute Control Rope Tension Sensor Load Cell Body","volume":"43","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Microsyst."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fields, T. (2014, January 16\u201320). Development and Feasibility of a Non-Invasive, Wireless Parachute Load Distribution Measuring System. Proceedings of the 30th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference, Atlanta, GA, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2014-2799"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bazin, J., and Fields, T. (April, January 30). Validation and Flight Testing of a Wireless Load Distribution Measuring System. Proceedings of the 23rd AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference, Daytona Beach, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Key technologies and development trends of precision airdrop systems for paragliders","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ordnance Autom."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"32","article-title":"Design and simulation of flip-chip graphene pressure sensor structure","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Microsyst."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Tan, X.W., and Han, L. (2008). Investigation on the sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge. J. Southwest China Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 149\u2013152."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"51","article-title":"Research on the development of microelectronic manufacturing and packaging technology","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Rec. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2012.2226940","article-title":"Measurement of tension in a string using an array of capacitive force sensors","volume":"13","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandeau, E., Frandeen, B., Sanchez, J., and Owens, A. (2017, January 5\u20139). Device for Temporal Measurement of Loads in Parachute Suspension Systems. Proceedings of the 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference, Denver, CO, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2017-4197"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Ma, M.Y. (2017). Development of a Tension Sensor for Heavy Equipment Airdrop. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics]."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"190","article-title":"Design of upper computer software for ultrasonic data acquisition system based on C#","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. Des. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"38","article-title":"Design of upper computer software for high-speed, high-precision data acquisition system","volume":"28","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. Des. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Hao, H.X., Cao, L.B., Li, Z.C., and Fan, H.B. (2023). Application of two-component heat-conducting potting glue technology in the electronics industry. China High Technol., 38\u201340."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"30","article-title":"Development of polyurethane potting compound for electronic packaging","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Adhes."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"18","article-title":"Preparation and performance study of room temperature curing epoxy potting compound","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bonding"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"122","article-title":"Static calibration of semiconductor strain gauge high-sensitivity torque sensor","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod. Manuf. Technol. Equip."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimpeng.2015.10.004","article-title":"Design and verification of a strain gauge-based load sensor for medium-speed dynamic tests with a hydraulic test machine","volume":"88","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Impact Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Cheng, Y.L. (2016). Design of a Wireless Parachute Cords Tension Sensor Based on ZigBee. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2001). Calculation Method for Main Static Performance Indicators of Sensors (Standard No. GB\/T 18459-2001)."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.01.024","article-title":"A force plate based method for the calibration of force\/torque sensors","volume":"45","author":"Faber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/19\/6232\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:03:59Z","timestamp":1760112239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/19\/6232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s24196232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24196232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]}}}