{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:13:24Z","timestamp":1779344004348,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52172340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172340"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CXQT21022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXQT21022"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project","award":["52172340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172340"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project","award":["CXQT21022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXQT21022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A visual workload model was constructed to determine and evaluate drivers\u2019 visual workload characteristics in high-density interchange-merging areas. Five interchanges were selected, and a real-vehicle driving test was conducted with 47 participants. To address the differences in drivers\u2019 visual characteristics in the interchange cluster merging areas, the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting method was employed. Six visual parameters were selected to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for the visual workload in high-density interchange-merging areas. The results show that the average scanning frequency and average pupil area change rate are most strongly correlated with the visual workload, whereas the average duration of a single gaze has the lowest weight in the visual workload assessment system. Different driver visual workloads were observed depending on the environment of the interchange-merging areas, and based on these, recommendations are proposed to decrease drivers\u2019 workload, thereby increasing road safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1727408653000},"page":"6247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study on the Driver Visual Workload in High-Density Interchange-Merging Areas Based on a Field Driving Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen General Integrated Transportation and Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha BYD Automobile Co., Ltd., Changsha 410019, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen General Integrated Transportation and Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen General Integrated Transportation and Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.21184\/jkeia.2016.06.10.3.293","article-title":"Analysis on characteristics of driver\u2019s visual change on the roundabout","volume":"10","author":"Namgung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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