{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:46Z","timestamp":1760146066135,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China National Key R&amp;D Program","award":["2021YFF0600100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF0600100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current calculation methods for the carbon content as received (Car) of coal rely on multiple instruments, leading to high costs for enterprises. There is a need for a cost-effective model that maintains accuracy in CO2 emission accounting. This study introduces an MISM model using key parameters identified through correlation and ablation analyses. An Improved State-Space Model (ISSM) and an IS-Mamba module are integrated into a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) framework, enhancing information flow and regression accuracy. The MISM model demonstrates superior performance over traditional methods, reducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by 22.36% compared to MLP, and by 9.65% compared to Mamba. Using only six selected parameters, the MISM model achieves a precision of 0.27% for the discrepancy between the calculated CO2 emissions and the actual measurements. An ablation analysis confirms the importance of certain parameters and the effectiveness of the IS-Mamba module at improving model performance. This paper offers an innovative solution for accurate and cost-effective carbon accounting in the thermal power sector, supporting China\u2019s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:10:27Z","timestamp":1727417427000},"page":"6256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reducing Measurement Costs of Thermal Power: An Advanced MISM (Mamba with Improved SSM Embedding in MLP) Regression Model for Accurate CO2 Emission Accounting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinchu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metrology Digitalization and Digital Metrology for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3637-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zilong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metrology Digitalization and Digital Metrology for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8202-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8163-9273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingchuang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metrology Digitalization and Digital Metrology for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Liu, L., Wang, Y., Tang, K., Huo, M., and Zhao, Y. 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