{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:41:00Z","timestamp":1763728860373,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"]}]},{"name":"International Science and Technology Cooperation Project lauched by Science and Technology Bureau of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China","award":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"]}]},{"name":"One health Interdisciplinary Research Project","award":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2023-580","2023YFE0111000","2023H011","HY202206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper theoretically and experimentally demonstrates the possibility of detecting the five basic tastes (salt, sweet, sour, umami, and bitter) using a variety of higher-order acoustic waves propagating in piezoelectric plates. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), glucose (C6H12O6), citric acid (C6H8O7), monosodium glutamate (C5H8NO4Na), and sagebrush were used as chemicals for the simulation of each taste. These liquids differed from each other in terms of their physical properties such as density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and permittivity. As a total acoustic response to the simultaneous action of all liquid parameters on all acoustic modes in a given frequency range, a change in the propagation losses (\u0394S12) of the specified wave compared with distilled water was used. Based on experimental measurements, the corresponding orientation histograms of the \u0394S12 were plotted for different types of acoustic waves. It was found that these histograms for different substances are individual and differ in shape, area, and position of their extremes. Theoretically, it has been shown that the influence of different liquids on different acoustic modes is due to both the electrical and mechanical properties of the liquids themselves and the mechanical polarization of the corresponding modes. Despite the fact that the mechanical properties of the used liquids are close to each other, the attenuation of different modes in their presence is not only due to the difference in their electrical parameters. The proposed approach to creating a multi-parametric multimode acoustic electronic tongue and obtaining a set of histograms for typical liquids will allow for the development of devices for the operational analysis of food, medicines, gasoline, aircraft fuel, and other liquid substances without the need for detailed chemical analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1727680777000},"page":"6301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Electronic \u201cTongue\u201d Based on Multimode Multidirectional Acoustic Plate Wave Propagation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1220-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Ageykin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Anisimkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8854-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Smirnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Fionov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen 518063, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3400-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenghua","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen 518063, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingfeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4407-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamlendra","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iren","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Holmes, B. 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