{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:40:13Z","timestamp":1784547613349,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Capital Health Development Scientific Research Independent Innovation Project","award":["2022-2-4175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2-4175"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang University","award":["2022-2-4175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2-4175"]}]},{"name":"Vilnius University","award":["2022-2-4175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2-4175"]}]},{"name":"Hangzhou Normal University","award":["2022-2-4175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2-4175"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Exploring the relationship between spontaneous breathing patterns and aerobic and anerobic running exercise performance can greatly improve our understanding of optimizing physical fitness. Spontaneous breathing patterns refer to how the rhythm and depth of breathing affect performance and physical adaptation during exercise. (2) Methods: This study aimed to investigate this relationship by enrolling 240 college students (120 males and 120 females, aged 18\u201322). We evaluated their resting respiratory rate (RR), the combined total of abdominal and thoracic movements (AM+TM), the proportion of abdominal movement to the overall respiratory movement (AM\/(AM+TM)), and the inhalation to exhalation ratio (I\/E ratio). Additionally, their performance in a 50 m sprint (measuring anerobic capability), an 800- or 1000 m run (assessing mixed aerobic and anerobic capacity), and a 12 min distance run (evaluating aerobic capacity) was recorded. (3) Results: Our findings, through both correlational and comparative analyses, indicate that a larger AM+TM is predictive of a greater distance covered in the 12 min run, suggesting enhanced aerobic capacity. Interestingly, among female participants, a lower body mass index (BMI) coupled with a higher proportion of abdominal movement (AM\/(AM+TM)) was linked to better performance in the 800 m run, indicative of superior mixed aerobic and anerobic capacities. These results imply that women with a larger tidal volume and those with a lower BMI but higher abdominal contribution to breathing at rest may exhibit better aerobic and mixed exercise capacities, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Based on these findings, we recommend that healthcare professionals and physical education instructors incorporate respiratory pattern assessments into their practices to potentially improve the physical health of their clients and students, with a particular emphasis on female populations. This study underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between spontaneous respiratory patterns and exercise capabilities in enhancing overall physical fitness and health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1727680777000},"page":"6310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Respiratory Sensor-Based Study of the Relationship between Voluntary Breathing Patterns and Aerobic and Anerobic Exercise Capacity\u2014An Exploratory Applied Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yinling","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Sports and Arts, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting Life Expectancy, Years of Life Lost, and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality for 250 Causes of Death: Reference and Alternative Scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 Countries and Territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.356","article-title":"Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among US Adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"287","author":"Ford","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00086-4","article-title":"Metabolic Health and Cardiometabolic Risk Clusters: Implications for Prediction, Prevention, and Treatment","volume":"11","author":"Stefan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000131677.96762.0c","article-title":"High Intensity Aerobic Interval Exercise Is Superior to Moderate Intensity Exercise for Increasing Aerobic Capacity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"11","author":"Rognmo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. 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