{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:33:05Z","timestamp":1771255985639,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Numerous exercise programs that improve physical capacity and the risk of falls in older adults have been proposed with varying degrees of success. A novel approach may be to use a video game system that uses real-time force feedback to train older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Nintendo\u2122 Wii-based exercise program on physical function and risk of falls in older people. (2) Methods: This 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial involved 73 participants: 36 individuals participating in a control group (CG) and 37 in an experimental group (EG) participating in a combined program. Balance was measured using the Tinetti scale, flexibility was assessed with the back scratch test and the sit-and-reach test, and lower body strength was assessed with the 30 s chair stand-up test. (3) Results: The results of this study show significant improvements in balance, gait, flexibility, and strength of the lower limbs compared to a control group. (4) Conclusions: A Nintendo\u2122 Wii-based exercise program for seniors produces improvements in the physical health of older adults. These improvements highlight the importance of integrating physical exercise through video games as an effective strategy to improve the general health and quality of life of older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T12:06:32Z","timestamp":1727697992000},"page":"6358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using the Nintendo\u2122 Wii to Improve Physical Function and Reduce the Risk of Falls in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Carcel\u00e9n-Fraile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atl\u00e1ntico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9386-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Aibar-Almaz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fidel","family":"Hita-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelina","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Parra-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1618-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aday","family":"Infante-Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atl\u00e1ntico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Castellote-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atl\u00e1ntico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"afad188","article-title":"World guidelines for falls prevention and management for older adults: A global initiative","volume":"52","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"39","author":"Bahat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xing, L., Bao, Y., Wang, B., Shi, M., Wei, Y., Huang, X., Dai, Y., Shi, H., Gai, X., and Luo, Q. (2023). Falls caused by balance disorders in the elderly with multiple systems involved: Pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1128092"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fekete, M., Szarvas, Z., Fazekas-Pongor, V., Feher, A., Csipo, T., Forrai, J., Dosa, N., Peterfi, A., Lehoczki, A., and Tarantini, S. (2022). Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010047"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-019-00037-x","article-title":"Falls in Older Adults are Serious","volume":"54","author":"Vaishya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.H., Thu Vu, G., Ha, G.H., Tat Nguyen, C., Vu, H.M., Nguyen, T.Q., Tran, T.H., Pham, K.T.H., Latkin, C.A., and Xuan Tran, B. (2020). Fear of Falling among Older Patients Admitted to Hospital after Falls in Vietnam: Prevalence, Associated Factors and Correlation with Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072493"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15304","article-title":"Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults","volume":"66","author":"Florence","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"CD012424","article-title":"Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community","volume":"1","author":"Sherrington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12952","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12952","article-title":"Factors of balance determining the risk of falls in physically active women aged over 50 years","volume":"10","author":"Bednarczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertolazzi, A., Quaglia, V., and Bongelli, R. (2024). Barriers and facilitators to health technology adoption by older adults with chronic diseases: An integrative systematic review. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18036-5"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.11.026","article-title":"Exercise Videogames, Physical Activity, and Health: Wii Heart Fitness: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"56","author":"Bock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George, A.M., Rohr, L.E., and Byrne, J. (2016). Impact of Nintendo Wii Games on Physical Literacy in Children: Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, Activity Behaviors, and Knowledge. Sports, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports4010003"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Chen, D., and Deng, X. (2024). The impact of digital educational games on student\u2019s motivation for learning: The mediating effect of learning engagement and the moderating effect of the digital environment. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294350"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S69673","article-title":"Does a Wii-based exercise program enhance balance control of independently functioning older adults? A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Laufer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Xing, Y., and Wu, Y. (2022). Effect of Wii Fit Exercise with Balance and Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Front. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.812570"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S46164","article-title":"Feasibility of Wii Fit training to improve clinical measures of balance in older adults","volume":"8","author":"Bieryla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27794","DOI":"10.2196\/27794","article-title":"The Effects of mHealth-Based Gamification Interventions on Participation in Physical Activity: Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x","article-title":"Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients","volume":"34","author":"Tinetti","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0211-139X(05)75084-8","article-title":"Utilizaci\u00f3n del POMA en nuestro medio para la valoraci\u00f3n del equilibrio y la marcha en una poblaci\u00f3n de personas mayores residentes en la comunidad","volume":"40","author":"Bolibar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Geriatr. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.7.2.129","article-title":"Development and validation of a functional fitness test for community-residing older adults","volume":"7","author":"Rikli","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gns071","article-title":"Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years","volume":"53","author":"Rikli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1999.10608028","article-title":"A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults","volume":"70","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.761","article-title":"Improvements in cognition, quality of life, and physical performance with clinical Pilates in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Kara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"100","article-title":"Effectiveness of New Technologies in Improving Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Aging Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento, M.D.M., Gouveia, \u00c9.R., Marques, A., Gouveia, B.R., Marconcin, P., Fran\u00e7a, C., and Ihle, A. (2022). The Role of Physical Function in the Association between Physical Activity and Gait Speed in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912581"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Howe, T.E., Rochester, L., Jackson, A., Banks, P.M., and Blair, V.A. (2019). Exercise for improving balance in older people. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD004963."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"104412","article-title":"The effect of a balance training program on postural control in older adults: A systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0041-1","article-title":"The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Granacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743843","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/743843","article-title":"Flexibility of older adults aged 55-86 years and the influence of physical activity","volume":"2013","author":"Stathokostas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"103906","article-title":"Flexibility, functional autonomy and quality of life (QoL) of the elderly","volume":"85","author":"Nogueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) (2018). ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, American College of Sports Medicine. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"721","article-title":"Effects of exercise on functional capacity and quality of life of older adults with frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv175","article-title":"Yoga-based exercise improves balance and mobility in people aged 60 and over: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Youkhana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16218","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016218","article-title":"Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S32651","article-title":"Analyzing the problem of falls among older people","volume":"5","author":"Dionyssiotis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31823b5f13","article-title":"Skeletal muscle power: A critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults","volume":"40","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Effects of a balance training program on postural control in children","volume":"34","author":"Karatrantou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Donath, L., Roth, R., Rueegsegger, P., and Faude, O. (2016). Effects of virtual reality training (exergaming) compared to traditional balance training in fall prevention and functional outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr., 16."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"133","article-title":"The effects of a resistance training program on muscle strength and functional fitness in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-3980-9","article-title":"Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: Systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Beaudart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/19\/6358\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:08:06Z","timestamp":1760112486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/19\/6358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s24196358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24196358","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}}}