{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:57:24Z","timestamp":1769165844980,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seers Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Few comparative studies have evaluated wearable single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) devices and standard multi-lead ECG devices during exercise testing. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of a wearable single-lead ECG monitor for recording heart rate (HR) metrics during graded exercise tests (GXTs). Methods: A cohort of 50 patients at a tertiary hospital underwent GXT while simultaneously being equipped with wearable single- and conventional multi-lead ECGs. The concordance between these modalities was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland\u2013Altman plot analysis. Results: The minimum and average HR readings between the devices were generally consistent. Parameters such as ventricular ectopic beats and supraventricular ectopic beats showed strong agreement. However, the agreement for the Total QRS and Maximum RR was not sufficient. HR measurements across different stages of the exercise test showed sufficient agreement. Although not statistically significant, the standard multi-lead ECG devices exhibited higher noise levels compared to the wearable single-lead ECG devices. Conclusions: Wearable single-lead ECG devices can reliably monitor HR and detect abnormal beats across a spectrum of exercise intensities, offering a viable alternative to traditional multi-lead systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T06:27:31Z","timestamp":1727850451000},"page":"6394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of Wearable Single-Lead ECG Monitoring during Exercise Stress Testing: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6216-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-In","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0286-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Doo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seers Technology Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13558, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8384-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"GyungChul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seers Technology Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13558, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2381-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Shin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seers Technology Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13558, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5737-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Tsao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061046","article-title":"A New Era in Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery: Research Gaps, Questions, Strategies, and Priorities","volume":"147","author":"Beatty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac747","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Dibben","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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