{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:17:37Z","timestamp":1784301457060,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project in 2023","award":["23BG054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BG054"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project in 2023","award":["23BY193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BY193"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project in 2023","award":["2022GZ03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GZ03"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College 2022 Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing; Shaanxi University Engineering Research Centre Fund Project","award":["23BG054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BG054"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College 2022 Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing; Shaanxi University Engineering Research Centre Fund Project","award":["23BY193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BY193"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College 2022 Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing; Shaanxi University Engineering Research Centre Fund Project","award":["2022GZ03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GZ03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the lack of real-time planning for fire escape routes in large buildings, the current route planning methods fail to adequately consider factors related to the fire situation. This study introduces a real-time fire monitoring and dynamic path planning system based on an improved ant colony algorithm, comprising a hierarchical arrangement of upper and lower computing units. The lower unit employs an array of sensors to collect environmental data in real time, which is subsequently transmitted to an upper-level computer equipped with LabVIEW. Following a comprehensive data analysis, pertinent visualizations are presented. Capitalizing on the acquired fire situational awareness, a propagation model for fire spreading is developed. An enhanced ant colony algorithm is then deployed to calculate and plan escape routes by introducing a fire spread model to enhance the accuracy of escape route planning and incorporating the A* algorithm to improve the convergence speed of the ant colony algorithm. In response to potential anomalies in sensor data under elevated temperature conditions, a correction model for data integrity is proposed. The real-time depiction of escape routes is facilitated through the integration of LabVIEW2018 and MATLAB2023a, ensuring the dependability and safety of the path planning process. Empirical results demonstrate the system\u2019s capability to perform real-time fire surveillance coupled with efficient escape route planning. When benchmarked against the traditional ant colony algorithm, the refined version exhibits expedited convergence, augmented real-time performance, and effectuates an average reduction of 17.1% in the length of the escape trajectory. Such advancements contribute significantly to enhancing evacuation efficiency and minimizing potential casualties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T12:02:20Z","timestamp":1728043340000},"page":"6438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Design of Intelligent Firefighting and Smart Escape Route Planning System Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3496-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuoyong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and New Energy, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and New Energy, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3303854","article-title":"UAV Trajectory Prediction Based on Flight State Recognition","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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