{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T19:41:49Z","timestamp":1776627709757,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leibniz Competition within the project CONNECT\u2014Connectivity and synchronization of lake ecosystems in space and time","award":["K45\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K45\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Leibniz Competition within the project CONNECT\u2014Connectivity and synchronization of lake ecosystems in space and time","award":["2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017"]}]},{"name":"IGB Frontiers project","award":["K45\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K45\/2017"]}]},{"name":"IGB Frontiers project","award":["2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent decades, inland water remote sensing has seen growing interest and very strong development. This includes improved spatial resolution, increased revisiting times, advanced multispectral sensors and recently even hyperspectral sensors. However, inland waters are more challenging than oceanic waters due to their higher complexity of optically active constituents and stronger adjacency effects due to their small size and nearby vegetation and built structures. Thus, bio-optical modeling of inland waters requires higher ground-truthing efforts. Large-scale ground-based sensor networks that are robust, self-sufficient, non-maintenance-intensive and low-cost could assist this otherwise labor-intensive task. Furthermore, most existing sensor systems are rather expensive, precluding their employability. Recently, low-cost mini-spectrometers have become widely available, which could potentially solve this issue. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of such a mini-spectrometer, the Hamamatsu C12880MA, and test it regarding its application in measuring water-leaving radiance near the surface. Overall, the measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field show that the system is very suitable for the targeted application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T07:30:18Z","timestamp":1728286218000},"page":"6445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterizing and Implementing the Hamamatsu C12880MA Mini-Spectrometer for Near-Surface Reflectance Measurements of Inland Waters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7596-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Jechow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany"},{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"},{"name":"Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Data Management\u2014RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5106-9057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bert","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Data Management\u2014RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8900-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Remmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Data Management\u2014RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Schreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-0001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Ogashawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Kiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Kohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Grossart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens C.","family":"Nejstgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Wollrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8835-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella A.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, 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