{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:05:57Z","timestamp":1767773157510,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Traffic Safety Emergency Technology Laboratory Open Research Project","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"Key R &amp; D plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Funding Project","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"Qinchuangyuan cites high-level innovation and entrepreneurship talent project","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]},{"name":"The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231010","2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-013","62071363","2021LLRH-06","2023BSHEDZZ216","QCYRCXM2023-110","2024M752739"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bluetooth devices have been widely used for pedestrian positioning and navigation in complex indoor scenes. Bluetooth beacons are scattered throughout the entire indoor walkable area containing stairwells, and pedestrian positioning can be obtained by the received Bluetooth packets. However, the positioning performance is sharply deteriorated by the multipath effects originating from indoor clutter and walls. In this work, an ultra-wideband (UWB)-assisted Bluetooth acquisition of signal strength value method is proposed for the construction of a Bluetooth fingerprint library, and a multi-frame fusion particle filtering approach is proposed for indoor pedestrian localization for online matching. First, a polynomial regression model is developed to fit the relationship between signal strength and location. Then, particle filtering is utilized to continuously update the hypothetical location and combine the data from multiple frames before and after to attenuate the interference generated by the multipath. Finally, the position corresponding to the maximum likelihood probability of the multi-frame signal is used to obtain a more accurate position estimation with an average error as low as 70 cm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1728476568000},"page":"6492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["UWB-Assisted Bluetooth Localization Using Regression Models and Multi-Scan Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Pan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runyu","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transport Safety and Emergency Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaojian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Leiyin Electronic Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danli","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Li, R. 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