{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:25:25Z","timestamp":1761708325854,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a new measurement technology, making use of the phase information contained in the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. InSAR has been recognized as a potential tool for the generation of digital elevation models (DEMs) and the measurement of ground surface deformations. However, many critical factors affect the quality of InSAR data and limit its applications. One of the factors is InSAR data processing, which consists of image co-registration, interferogram generation, phase unwrapping and geocoding. The co-registration of InSAR images is the first step and dramatically influences the accuracy of InSAR products. In this paper, the principle and processing procedures of InSAR techniques are reviewed. One of important factors, tie points, to be considered in the improvement of the accuracy of InSAR image co-registration are emphatically reviewed, such as interval of tie points, extraction of feature points, window size for tie point matching and the measurement for the quality of an interferogram.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90201259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T13:34:19Z","timestamp":1235482459000},"page":"1259-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Improvement of the Accuracy of InSAR Image Co-Registration Based On Tie Points \u2013 A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Weibao","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Southern Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1507-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19617","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB01179","article-title":"On the derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential radar interferometry: The Landers earthquake","volume":"99","author":"Zebker","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanssen, R.F. (2000). Radar Interferometry Data Interpretation and Error Analysis, Kluwer Acadamic Publishers Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47633-9"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23109","DOI":"10.1029\/96JE01459","article-title":"Surface deformation and coherence measurements of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from SIR-C radar interferometry","volume":"101","author":"Rosen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. 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