{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1777603540572,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silicon micro-hole arrays (Si-MHA) were fabricated as a gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a micro fuel cell using the micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) fabrication technique. The resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor was integrated with the GDL on a bipolar plate to measure the temperature inside the fuel cell. Experimental results demonstrate that temperature was generally linearly related to resistance and that accuracy and sensitivity were within 0.5 \u00b0C and 1.68\u00d710-3\/\u00b0C, respectively. The best experimental performance was 9.37 mW\/cm2 at an H2\/O2 dry gas flow rate of 30\/30 SCCM. Fuel cell temperature during operation was 27 \u00b0C, as measured using thermocouples in contact with the backside of the electrode. Fuel cell operating temperature measured in situ was 30.5 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90301423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T13:13:11Z","timestamp":1236085991000},"page":"1423-1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Real Time Monitoring of Temperature of a Micro Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chi-Yuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo-Jen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuh-Chung","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National ILan University, ILan, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Pin","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Yuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.03.215","article-title":"Realization of porous silicon based miniature fuel cells","volume":"15","author":"Pichonat","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1996 (MEMS\u201996)."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5107(99)00260-3","article-title":"Formation of wide and deep holes in silicon by electrochemical etching","volume":"B69-70","author":"Kleimann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"McIntyre, T.J., Allison, S.W., Maxey, L.C., and Cates, M.R. (2003). Fiber optic temperature sensors for PEM fuel cells hydrogen, fuel cells, and Infrastructure technologies. Progr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2005.05.021","article-title":"Thin film temperature sensor for real-time measurement of electrolyte temperature in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell","volume":"125","author":"Mench","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. 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