{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:39:31Z","timestamp":1760243971396,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensor nodes transmit the sensed information to the sink through wireless sensor networks (WSNs). They have limited power, computational capacities and memory. Portable wireless devices are increasing in popularity. Mechanisms that allow information to be efficiently obtained through mobile WSNs are of significant interest. However, a mobile sink introduces many challenges to data dissemination in large WSNs. For example, it is important to efficiently identify the locations of mobile sinks and disseminate information from multi-source nodes to the multi-mobile sinks. In particular, a stationary dissemination path may no longer be effective in mobile sink applications, due to sink mobility. In this paper, we propose a Sink-oriented Dynamic Location Service (SDLS) approach to handle sink mobility. In SDLS, we propose an Eight-Direction Anchor (EDA) system that acts as a location service server. EDA prevents intensive energy consumption at the border sensor nodes and thus provides energy balancing to all the sensor nodes. Then we propose a Location-based Shortest Relay (LSR) that efficiently forwards (or relays) data from a source node to a sink with minimal delay path. Our results demonstrate that SDLS not only provides an efficient and scalable location service, but also reduces the average data communication overhead in scenarios with multiple and moving sinks and sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90301433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T13:13:11Z","timestamp":1236085991000},"page":"1433-1453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sink-oriented Dynamic Location Service Protocol for Mobile Sinks with an Energy Efficient Grid-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hyeonjae","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwangjin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering, Wonkwang University, 344-2 Shinyong-dong, Iksan Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae-Joon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunseung","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks: a survey","volume":"38","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Networks"},{"unstructured":"Estrin, D., Govindan, R., Heidemann, J., and Kumar, S. (, January August). Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks. Seattle, Washington, USA.","key":"ref_2"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2008.2011076","article-title":"Mobile RFID Tag Detection Influence Factors and Prediction of Tag Detectability","volume":"9","author":"Jo","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J"},{"unstructured":"Heinzelman, W.R., Kulik, J., and Balakrishnan, H. (, January August). Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks. Seattle, Washington, USA.","key":"ref_4"},{"unstructured":"Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., and Balakrishnan, H. (, January January). Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. 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An Energy-Efficient Data-Dissemination Protocol inWireless Sensor Networks. Buffalo, NY, USA.","key":"ref_14"},{"unstructured":"Hornsberger, J., and Shoja, G.C. (, January March). Geographic grid routing for wireless sensor networks. Tucson, Arizona, USA.","key":"ref_15"},{"unstructured":"Luo, H., Ye, F., Cheng, J., Lu, S., and Zhang, L. (, January September). TTDD: A Two-tier Data Dissemination Model for Large-ScaleWireless Sensor Networks. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.","key":"ref_16"},{"unstructured":"Li, J., Jannotti, J., Couto, D., Karger, D., and Morris, R. (, January August). A scalable location service for geographic ad-hoc routing. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.","key":"ref_17"},{"unstructured":"Das, S.M., Pucha, H., and Hu, Y.C. (, January March). Performance comparison of scalable location services for geographic ad hoc routing. 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The Anchor Location Service (ALS) Protocol for Large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks. Nice, France.","key":"ref_23"},{"unstructured":"Yu, F., Choi, Y., Park, S., Lee, E., Jin, M.S., and Kim, S.H. (, January March). Sink Location Service for Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. Las Vegas, USA.","key":"ref_24"},{"unstructured":"Albowicz, J., Chen, A., and Zhang, L. (, January November). Recursive position estimation in sensor networks. California, USA.","key":"ref_25"},{"unstructured":"Karp, B., and Kung, H.T. (, January August). Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.","key":"ref_26"},{"unstructured":"Bhardwaj, M., Garnett, T., and Chandrakasan, A.P. (, January June). Upper bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks. Helsinki, Finland.","key":"ref_27"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.72","article-title":"A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research","volume":"2","author":"Camp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wireless Commun. 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