{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:39:37Z","timestamp":1760243977894,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Embedding data-aggregation capabilities into sensor nodes of wireless networks could save energy by reducing redundant data flow transmissions. Existing research describes the construction of data aggregation trees to maximize data aggregation times in order to reduce data transmission of redundant data. However, aggregation of more nodes on the same node will incur significant collisions. These MAC (Media Access Control) layer collisions introduce additional data retransmissions that could jeopardize the advantages of data aggregation. This paper is the first to consider the energy consumption tradeoffs between data aggregation and retransmissions in a wireless sensor network. By using the existing CSMA\/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) MAC protocol, the retransmission energy consumption function is well formulated. This paper proposes a novel non-linear mathematical formulation, whose function is to minimize the total energy consumption of data transmission subject to data aggregation trees and data retransmissions. This solution approach is based on Lagrangean relaxation, in conjunction with optimization-based heuristics. From the computational experiments, it is shown that the proposed algorithms could construct MAC aware data aggregation trees that are up to 59% more energy efficient than existing data aggregation algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90301518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T12:14:06Z","timestamp":1236168846000},"page":"1518-1533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Energy-Efficient MAC Aware Data Aggregation Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks #"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Frank Yeong-Sung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Information Management, National Taiwan University \/ No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Hsu","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Information Management, Shih Hsin University \/ No. 1, Lane17, Sec.1, Mu-Cha Rd., Taipei City 116, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Information Management, National Taiwan University \/ No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ahuja, R.K., Magnanti, T.L., and Orlin, J.B. (1993). Networks Flows \u2013 Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Krishnamachari, B., Estrin, D., and Wicker, S. (Modeling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks, 2002). Modeling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks, USC Computer Engineering Technical Report CENG 02-14."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2004.08.002","article-title":"Near-optimal Tree-based Access Network Design","volume":"28","author":"Yen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Commun"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021845700856","article-title":"MR2RP: The Multi-Rate and Multi-Range Routing Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"9","author":"Sheu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Upadhyayula, S., Annamalai, V., and Gupta, S.K.S. (2003, January 1\u20135). A Low-Latency and Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Convergecast in Wireless Sensor Networks."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.1093\/ietcom\/e88-b.12.4470","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"E88-B","author":"Yen","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Commun"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Ye, W., Heidemann, J., and Estrin, D. (An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, 2001). An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, USC\/ISI Technical REPORT ISI-TR-543."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Ye, W., and Heidemann, J. (Medium Access Control in Wireless Sensor Networks, 2003). Medium Access Control in Wireless Sensor Networks, USC\/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-580."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Lin, X.H., Kwok, Y.K., and Lau, V.K.N. (, January September). A New Power Control Approach for IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Yen, H.H., and Lin, C.L. Integrated Channel Assignment and Data Aggregation Routing Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks. IET Commun, (in press)."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Fan, K.W., Liu, S., and Sinha, P. (, January April). On the Potential of Structure-Free Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2007.1011","article-title":"Structure-Free Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/9\/3\/1518\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1760220598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/9\/3\/1518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s90301518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s90301518","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]}}}