{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T19:15:00Z","timestamp":1773083700366,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]],"date-time":"2009-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-resolution images with wide field of view are important in realizing many applications of wireless multimedia sensor networks. Previous works that generally use multi-tier topology and provide such images by increasing the capabilities of camera sensor nodes lead to an increase in network cost. On the other hand, the resulting energy consumption is a considerable issue that has not been seriously considered in previous works. In this paper, high-resolution images with wide field of view are generated without increasing the total cost of network and with minimum energy dissipation. This is achieved by using image stitching in WMSNs, designing a two-tier network topology with new structure, and proposing a camera selection algorithm. In the proposed two-tier structure, low cost camera sensor nodes are used only in the lower-tier and sensor nodes without camera are considered in the upper-tier which decreases total network cost as much as possible. Also, since a simplified image stitching method is implemented and a new algorithm for selecting active nodes is utilized, energy dissipation in the network is decreased by applying the proposed methods. The results of simulations supported the preceding statements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90806385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]],"date-time":"2009-08-19T12:30:28Z","timestamp":1250685028000},"page":"6385-6410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High-Resolution Images with Minimum Energy Dissipation and Maximum Field-of-View in Camera-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hadi S.","family":"Aghdasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pouya","family":"Bisadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen Ebrahimi","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maghsoud","family":"Abbaspour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03219952","article-title":"Multimedia communication in wireless sensor networks","volume":"60","author":"Akan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. T\u00e9l\u00e9commun"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.10.002","article-title":"A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks","volume":"51","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Netw"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Maniezzo, D., Yao, K., and Mazzini, G. (,  2002). Energetic trade-off between communication and computation resource in Multimedia Surveillance Sensor Network. Paris, France."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, F., and Kumar, S. (,  2003). Multimedia query with QoS considerations for wireless sensor networks in telemedicine. Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.514064"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Reeves, A.A. (, January April). Remote Monitoring of patients suffering from early symptoms of Dementia. London, UK."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Campbell, J., Gibbons, P.B., Nath, S., Pillai, P., Seshan, S., and Sukthankar, R. (, January November). IrisNet: an Internet-scale architecture for multimedia sensors. Hilton, Singapore."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Tezcan, N., and Wang, W. (, January May). Self-orienting Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks for maximizing multimedia coverage. Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.05.014","article-title":"Self-orienting Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks for occlusion-free viewpoints","volume":"52","author":"Tezcan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Netw"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Kansal, A., Kaiser, W., Pottie, G., and Srivastava, M. (, January November). Virtual High-resolution for Sensor Networks. Boulder, CO, USA."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phoha, S., La Porta, T., and Griffin, C. (2004). Sensor Network Operations, Wiley-IEEE Press.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471784176"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.85","article-title":"Space-time super-resolution","volume":"27","author":"Shechtman","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE T. Pattern Anal"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.928756","article-title":"Wireless multimedia sensor networks: applications and testbeds","volume":"96","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Soro, S., and Heinzelman, W.B. (, January October). On the coverage problem in video-based wireless sensor networks. Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, H., Kumar Mitikiri, P., and Namuduri, K. (, January April). Image Registration in low resolution visual sensor networks. St. Louis, MO, USA."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Kulkarni, p., Ganesan, D., and Shenoy, P. (, January June). The case for multi\u2013tier camera sensor networks. Stevenson, WA, USA."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Polastre, J., Szewczyk, R., Sharp, C., and Culler, D. (, January August). The mote revolution: low power wireless sensor network devices. Palo Alto, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Rahimi, M., Baer, R., Iroezi, O., Garcia, J., Warrior, J., Estrin, D., and Srivastava, M. (, January November). Cyclops: In situ image sensing and interpretation in wireless sensor networks. San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Available at: http:\/\/www.xbow.com\/Products\/Imote2.aspx (accessed August 16, 2009)."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Carnegie Mellon Univ (2007). CMUcam3 datasheet version 1.02."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hengstler, S., Prashanth, D., Fong, S., and Aghajan, H. (,  2007). MeshEye: A hybrid-resolution smart camera mote for applications in distributed intelligent surveillance. Cambridge, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPSN.2007.4379696"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1145\/1062253.1062256","article-title":"Panoptes: scalable low-power video sensor networking technologies","volume":"1","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Available at: http:\/\/blog.xbow.com\/xblog\/Stargate_Xscale_Platform\/ (accessed August 16, 2009)."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Kulkarni, P., Ganesan, D., Shenoy, P., and Lu, Q. (, January November). SensEye: A multi-tier camera sensor Network. Singapore."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Lymberopoulos, D., and Savvides, A. (, January April). XYZ: A motion-enabled, power aware sensor node platform for distributed sensor network applications. Los Angeles, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2007.10.020","article-title":"Efficient load-balanced clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks","volume":"31","author":"Low","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Commun"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Chang, R.S., and Kuo, C.J. (,  2006). An energy efficient routing mechanism for wireless sensor network. Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2007.05.024","article-title":"A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks","volume":"30","author":"Abbasi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Commun"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2005.10.006","article-title":"HDA: A hierarchical data aggregation scheme for sensor networks","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Elsevier Comput. Commun"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-8885(08)60111-9","article-title":"NHRPA: A novel hierarchical routing protocol algorithm for wireless sensor networks","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. China Univer. Posts Telecommun"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.05.038","article-title":"Clustering strategies for improving the lifetime of two-tiered sensor networks","volume":"31","author":"Bari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Commun"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Szeliski, R., and Kang, S. (,  1995). Direct methods for visual scene reconstruction. Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irani, M., and Anandan, P. (,  1999). About direct methods. Corfu, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44480-7_18"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1109\/34.754589","article-title":"True multi-image alignment and its application to mosaicing and lens distortion correction","volume":"21","author":"Sawhney","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE T. Pattern Anal"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008195814169","article-title":"Construction of panoramic mosaics with global and local alignment","volume":"36","author":"Shum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Capel, D., and Zisserman, A. (, January June). Automated mosaicing with super-resolution zoom. Santa Barbara, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(02)00064-1","article-title":"Image mosaicing using sequential bundle adjustment","volume":"20","author":"McLauchlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Image Vision Comput"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Brown, M., and Lowe, D. (, January October). Recognising panoramas. Nice, France."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-0002-3","article-title":"Automatic panoramic image stitching using invariant features","volume":"74","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","article-title":"Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints","volume":"60","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Available at: http:\/\/www.realviz.com\/ (accessed August 16, 2009)."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(03)00137-9","article-title":"Image registration methods: A survey","volume":"21","author":"Zitova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Image Vision Comput"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Brown, M., Szeliski, R., and Winder, S. (, January June). Multiimage matching using multi-scale oriented patches. San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Sivic, J., and Zisserman, A. (, January October). Video Google: A text retrieval approach to object matching in videos. Nice, France."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1145\/358669.358692","article-title":"Random sample consensus: A paradigm for model fitting with application to image analysis and automated cartography","volume":"24","author":"Fischler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartley, R., and Zisserman, A. (2004). Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision, Cambridge University Press. [2nd ed].","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811685"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"OMNeT++ Community Site. Available at: http:\/\/www.omnetpp.org\/ (accessed August 16, 2009)."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Chipcon Corporation Available online at: http:\/\/focus.ti.com\/docs\/prod\/folders\/print\/cc2420.html (accessed August 16, 2009)."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Corman, T., Leiserson, C., Rivest, R., and Stein, C. (2001). Introduction to Algorithms, MIT press. [2nd ed]."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.3390\/s8084529","article-title":"An energy-efficient and high-quality video transmission architecture in wireless video-based sensor networks","volume":"8","author":"Aghdasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/9\/8\/6385\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:10:58Z","timestamp":1760220658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/9\/8\/6385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s90806385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s90806385","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]]}}}