{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:28:44Z","timestamp":1767774524054,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]],"date-time":"2009-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dynamic spectrum access is a must-have ingredient for future sensors that are ideally cognitive. The goal of this paper is a tutorial treatment of wideband cognitive radio and radar\u2014a convergence of (1) algorithms survey, (2) hardware platforms survey, (3) challenges for multi-function (radar\/communications) multi-GHz front end, (4) compressed sensing for multi-GHz waveforms\u2014revolutionary A\/D, (5) machine learning for cognitive radio\/radar, (6) quickest detection, and (7) overlay\/underlay cognitive radio waveforms. One focus of this paper is to address the multi-GHz front end, which is the challenge for the next-generation cognitive sensors. The unifying theme of this paper is to spell out the convergence for cognitive radio, radar, and anti-jamming. Moore\u2019s law drives the system functions into digital parts.From a system viewpoint, this paper gives the first comprehensive treatment for the functions and the challenges of this multi-function (wideband) system. This paper brings together the inter-disciplinary knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90806530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,23]],"date-time":"2009-08-23T11:12:08Z","timestamp":1251025928000},"page":"6530-6603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Unified Multi-Functional Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework: Tutorial, Theory and Multi-GHz Wideband Testbed"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Husheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-2100, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering,Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasu","family":"Chakravarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitola, J. 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