{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:21:00Z","timestamp":1782314460909,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,31]],"date-time":"2009-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The MEMS vector hydrophone is a novel acoustic sensor with a \u201cfour-beamcilia\u201d structure. Based on the MEMS vector hydrophone with this structure, the paper studies the method of estimated direction of arrival (DOA). According to various research papers, many algorithms can be applied to vector hydrophones. The beam-forming approach and bar graph approach are described in detail. Laboratory tests by means of the a standing-wave tube are performed to validate the theoretical results. Both the theoretical analysis and the results of tests prove that the proposed MEMS vector hydrophone possesses the desired directional function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s90906823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,31]],"date-time":"2009-08-31T10:06:01Z","timestamp":1251713161000},"page":"6823-6834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Research of DOA Estimation Based on Single MEMS Vector Hydrophone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory For Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrument Science and Dynamic Measurement (North University of China) of Ministry of Education of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling Gang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory For Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory For Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen Yang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory For Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrument Science and Dynamic Measurement (North University of China) of Ministry of Education of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrument Science and Dynamic Measurement (North University of China) of Ministry of Education of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrument Science and Dynamic Measurement (North University of China) of Ministry of Education of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908455","article-title":"Hydrophone for measuring particle velocity","volume":"28","author":"Leslie","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. 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