{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:40:18Z","timestamp":1760244018672,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]],"date-time":"2009-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present circular architecture bioimplant strain sensors that facilitate a strong resonance frequency shift with mechanical deformation. The clinical application area of these sensors is for in vivo assessment of bone fractures. Using a rectangular geometry, we obtain a resonance shift of 330 MHz for a single device and 170 MHz for its triplet configuration (with three side-by-side resonators on chip) under an applied load of 3,920 N. Using the same device parameters with a circular isotropic architecture, we achieve a resonance frequency shift of 500 MHz for the single device and 260 MHz for its triplet configuration, demonstrating substantially increased sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s91209444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]],"date-time":"2009-11-25T16:11:30Z","timestamp":1259165490000},"page":"9444-9451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Circular High-Q Resonating Isotropic Strain Sensors with Large Shift of Resonance Frequency under Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rohat","family":"Melik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Unal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nihan","family":"Kosku Perkgoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Puttlitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilmi Volkan","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)80042-X","article-title":"Functional load of plates in fracture fixation in vivo and its correlate in bone healing","volume":"31","author":"Stoffel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2008.2006533","article-title":"Design and realization of a fully on-chip high-Q resonator working at 15 GHz on silicon","volume":"55","author":"Melik","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melik, R., Perkgoz, N.K., Unal, E., Puttlitz, C., and Demir, H.V. (2008). Bio-implantable passive on-chip RF-MEMS strain sensing resonators for orthopaedic applications. J. Micromech. Microeng., 18, No.115017.","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/18\/11\/115017"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1109\/4.668989","article-title":"On-chip spiral inductors with patterned ground shields for Si-based RF IC's","volume":"33","author":"Yue","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Yue, C.P., Ryu, C., Lau, J., Lee, T.H., and Wong, S.S. (1996, January December). A physical model for planar spiral inductors on silicon. 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Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/4.557634","article-title":"The modeling, characterization, and design of monolithic inductors for silicon RF IC's","volume":"32","author":"Long","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Bahl, I. (2003). Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits, Artech House."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Collin, R.E. (1992). Foundations for Microwave Engineering, McGraw Hill."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Pozar, D.M. (2005). Microwave Engineerin, J. Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Lee, T.H. (1998). The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Suster, M., Guo, J., Chaimanonart, N., Ko, W.H., and Young, D.J. (, January October,). Low-noise CMOS integrated sensing electronics for capacitive MEMS strain sensors. 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