{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:13:02Z","timestamp":1769073182355,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]],"date-time":"2009-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper provides an overview on the use of photoacoustic sensors based on semiconductor laser sources for the detection of trace gases. We review the results obtained using standard, differential and quartz enhanced photoacoustic techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s91209616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]],"date-time":"2009-12-02T11:40:11Z","timestamp":1259754011000},"page":"9616-9628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Photoacoustic Techniques for Trace Gas Sensing Based on Semiconductor Laser Sources"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Elia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regionale CNR-INFM \u201cLIT3\u201d, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica \u201cM. Merlin\u201d, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico of Bari, Bari, I-70126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Pietro Mario","family":"Lugar\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regionale CNR-INFM \u201cLIT3\u201d, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica \u201cM. Merlin\u201d, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico of Bari, Bari, I-70126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Di Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regionale CNR-INFM \u201cLIT3\u201d, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica \u201cM. Merlin\u201d, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico of Bari, Bari, I-70126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regionale CNR-INFM \u201cLIT3\u201d, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica \u201cM. Merlin\u201d, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico of Bari, Bari, I-70126, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.s3-20.118.305","article-title":"On the production and reproduction of sound by light: the photophone","volume":"20","author":"Bell","year":"1880","journal-title":"Am. J. 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