{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1770642156557,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Adelaide Kwok Lee Bequest","award":["350-75134777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350-75134777"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Software"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Dental Loop Chatbot was developed as a real-time, evidence-based guidance system for dental practitioners using a fine-tuned large language model (LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). This paper outlines the development and preliminary evaluation of the chatbot as a scalable clinical decision-support tool designed for resource-limited settings. The system\u2019s architecture incorporates Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA) for efficient fine-tuning, while dynamic retrieval mechanisms ensure contextually accurate and relevant responses. This prototype lays the groundwork for future triaging and diagnostic support systems tailored specifically to the field of dentistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/software3040029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T08:17:00Z","timestamp":1734423420000},"page":"587-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dental Loop Chatbot: A Prototype Large Language Model Framework for Dentistry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6803-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Sahadul Hasan","family":"Arian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Faisal Ahmed","family":"Sifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saif","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabeel","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5905-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taseef Hasan","family":"Farook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2004-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6659133","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6659133","article-title":"Machine learning and intelligent diagnostics in dental and orofacial pain management: A systematic review","volume":"2021","author":"Farook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Res. 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