{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:57:20Z","timestamp":1760241440083,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Collaboration has been common in workplaces in various engineering settings and in our daily activities. However, how to effectively engage collaborators with collaborative tasks has long been an issue due to various situational and technical constraints. The research in this paper addresses the issue in a specific scenario, which is how to enable users to interact with public information from their own perspective. We describe a 3D mobile interaction technique that allows users to collaborate with other people by creating a symmetric and collaborative ambience. This in turn can increase their engagement with public displays. In order to better understand the benefits and limitations of this technique, we conducted a usability study with a total of 40 participants. The results indicate that the 3D mobile interaction technique promotes collaboration between users and also improves their engagement with the public displays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10030069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T15:59:39Z","timestamp":1521561579000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enabling Symmetric Collaboration in Public Spaces through 3D Mobile Interaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mayra","family":"Machuca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SIAT, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winyu","family":"Chinthammit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and ICT, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Wasinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Engineering\/Computer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Zwickau, Zwickau 08056, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Duh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2016.58","article-title":"Toward Meaningful Engagement with Pervasive Displays","volume":"15","author":"Hosio","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parra, G., Klerkx, J., and Duva, E. (2014, January 3\u20134). Understanding Engagement with Interactive Public Displays: An Awareness Campaign in the Wild. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis \u201914), Copenhagen, Denmark.","DOI":"10.1145\/2611009.2611020"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, J., Alt, F., Schmidt, A., and Michelis, D. (2010, January 25\u201329). Requirements and Design Space for Interactive Public Displays. Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Firenze, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1873951.1874203"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machuca, M.D.B., Chinthammit, W., Yang, Y., and Duh, H. (2014, January 3\u20136). 3D mobile interactions for public displays. Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications (SA \u201914), Shenzhen, China. Article 8.","DOI":"10.1145\/2669062.2669074"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.4.355","article-title":"A survey of augmented reality","volume":"6","author":"Azuma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presence Teleoper. Virtual Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryan-Kinns, N., Healey, P., and Leach, J. (2007, January 13\u201315). Exploring mutual engagement in creative collaborations. Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity & Cognition (C&C \u201907), Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1254960.1254991"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurdyukova, E., Obaid, M., and Andr\u00e9, E. (2012, January 4\u20136). Direct, Bodily or Mobile Interaction? Comparing Interaction Techniques for Personalized Public Displays. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, Ulm, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/2406367.2406421"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W., Kaminski, B., Luo, J., Huang, X., Li, J., Ross, A., Wright, J., and An, D.H. (2015, January 20\u201323). SMART: Design and evaluation of a collaborative museum visiting application. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, Mallorca, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24132-6_7"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W., Alem, L., and Tecchia, F. (2013, January 2\u20136). HandsIn3D: Supporting remote guidance with immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of the IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Cape Town, South Africa.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40483-2_5"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, D., and Balakrishnan, R. (2005, January 23\u201326). Distant freehand pointing and clicking on very large, high resolution displays. Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST \u201905), Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1095034.1095041"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, D., Seifert, J., Rukzio, E., and Gellersen, H. (2012, January 11\u201315). A Cross-Device Interaction Style for Mobiles and Surfaces. Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/2317956.2318005"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyakutake, A., Ozaki, K., Kitani, K., and Koike, H. (2010, January 26\u201328). 3-D Interaction with a Large Wall Display using Transparent Markers. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, Roma, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1842993.1843011"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldauf, M., Lasinger, K., and Fr\u00f6hlich, P. (2012, January 4\u20136). Private Public Screens\u2014Detached Multi-User Interaction with Large Displays through Mobile Augmented Reality. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, Ulm, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/2406367.2406401"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Brignull, H., and Rogers, Y. (2003, January 1\u20135). Enticing people to interact with large public displays in public spaces. Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT \u201903), Zurich, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2013.28","article-title":"Interactive Public Displays","volume":"33","author":"Hinrichs","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsushita, N., and Rekimoto, J. (1997, January 14\u201317). HoloWall: Designing a Finger, Hand, Body, and Object Sensitive Wall. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), Banff, AB, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/263407.263549"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayphan, A., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Ackad, C., and Kay, J. (2013, January 25\u201329). An approach for designing and evaluating a plug-in vision-based tabletop touch identification system. Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration (OzCHI \u201913), Adelaide, Australia.","DOI":"10.1145\/2541016.2541019"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reid, J., Hyams, J., Shaw, K., and Lipson, M. (2004, January 3\u20135). \u201cFancy a Schmink?\u201d: A novel networked game in a caf\u00e9. Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1145\/1067343.1067345"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheible, J., and Ojala, T. (2005, January 6\u201311). MobiLenin combining a multitrack music video, personal mobile phones and a public display into multi-user interactive entertainment. Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA \u201905), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101178"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucero, A., Holopainen, J., and Jokela, T. (2012, January 21\u201324). MobiComics: Collaborative use of mobile phones and large displays for public expression. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI \u201912), San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2371574.2371634"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, G., Yang, U., and Son, W. (2006, January 20\u201322). Layered multiple displays for immersive and interactive digital contents. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronic Commerce (ICEC \u201906), Cambridge, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/11872320_15"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bier, E.A., Stone, M.C., Pier, K., Buxton, W., and DeRose, T.D. (1993, January 2\u20136). Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Through Interface. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH \u201993), Anaheim, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/166117.166126"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"373","article-title":"The effects of personal displays and transfer techniques on collaboration strategies in multi-touch based multi-display environments","volume":"Volume Part III","author":"Bachl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT \u201911)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W., Alem, L., and Livingston, M.A. (2013). Human Factors in Augmented Reality Environments, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4205-9"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7373(91)90039-A","article-title":"Findings from observational studies of collaborative work","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitamura, Y., Osawa, W., Yamaguchi, T., Takemura, H., and Kishino, F. (2005, January 19\u201321). A display table for strategic collaboration preserving private and public information. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Entertainment Computing (ICEC \u201905), Sanda, Japan.","DOI":"10.1007\/11558651_17"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/2576099","article-title":"Up close and personal: Collaborative work on a high-resolution multitouch wall display","volume":"21","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballagas, R., Dugan, T., Revelle, G., Mori, K., Sandberg, M., Go, J., Reardon, E., and Spasojevic, M. (2013, January 23\u201327). Electric Agents: Fostering Sibling Joint Media Engagement through Interactive Television and Augmented Reality. Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion (CSCW \u201913), San Antonio, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441803"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hornecker, E. (2010, January 24\u201327). Interactions around a contextually embedded system. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI \u201910), Cambridge, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1709886.1709916"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Measuring engagement with search systems using the User Engagement Scale","volume":"49","author":"Toms","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/10\/3\/69\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:57:21Z","timestamp":1760194641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/10\/3\/69"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["sym10030069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym10030069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]}}}