{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:58:47Z","timestamp":1760241527528,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2016-76795-C6-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2016-76795-C6-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autonomous response networks are becoming a reality thanks to recent advances in cloud computing, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies. These enhanced networks fully enable autonomous real-time management of virtualized infrastructures. In this context, one of the major challenges is how virtualized network resources can be effectively placed. Although this issue has been addressed before in cloud-based environments, it is not yet completely resolved for the online placement of virtual machines. For such a purpose, this paper proposes an online heuristic algorithm called Topology-Aware Placement of Virtual Network Functions (TAP-VNF) as a low-complexity solution for such dynamic infrastructures. As a complement, we provide a general formulation of the network function placement using the service function chaining concept. Furthermore, two metrics called consolidation and aggregation validate the efficiency of the proposal in the experimental simulations. We have compared our approach with optimal solutions, in terms of consolidation and aggregation ratios, showing a more suitable performance for dynamic cloud-based environments. The obtained results show that TAP-VNF also outperforms existing approaches based on traditional bin packing schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10050163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T11:36:13Z","timestamp":1526384173000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An Online Algorithm for Dynamic NFV Placement in Cloud-Based Autonomous Response Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9991-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Ochoa-Aday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Network Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Esteve Terradas, 7, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8056-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cervell\u00f3-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Network Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Esteve Terradas, 7, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Network Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Esteve Terradas, 7, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4600-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System and Network Engineering (SNE) Research Group, Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park, 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7432174","article-title":"Service Description in the NFV Revolution: Trends, Challenges and a Way Forward","volume":"54","author":"Garay","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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Available online: http:\/\/www.gurobi.com\/."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/10\/5\/163\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:04:20Z","timestamp":1760195060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/10\/5\/163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["sym10050163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym10050163","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]}}}