{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:29:47Z","timestamp":1778516987615,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61672331, 61432011, 61573231 and U1435212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672331, 61432011, 61573231 and U1435212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201601D021076, 2015091001-0102 and 201601D021072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201601D021076, 2015091001-0102 and 201601D021072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In real-world diagnostic procedures, due to the limitation of human cognitive competence, a medical expert may not conveniently use some crisp numbers to express the diagnostic information, and plenty of research has indicated that generalized fuzzy numbers play a significant role in describing complex diagnostic information. To deal with medical diagnosis problems based on generalized fuzzy sets (FSs), the notion of single-valued neutrosophic multisets (SVNMs) is firstly used to express the diagnostic information in this article. Then the model of probabilistic rough sets (PRSs) over two universes is applied to analyze SVNMs, and the concepts of single-valued neutrosophic rough multisets (SVNRMs) over two universes and probabilistic rough single-valued neutrosophic multisets (PRSVNMs) over two universes are introduced. Based on SVNRMs over two universes and PRSVNMs over two universes, single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic rough multisets (SVNPRMs) over two universes are further established. Next, a three-way decisions model by virtue of SVNPRMs over two universes in the context of medical diagnosis is constructed. Finally, a practical case study along with a comparative study are carried out to reveal the accuracy and reliability of the constructed three-way decisions model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10060213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1528801112000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Medical Diagnosis Based on Single-Valued Neutrosophic Probabilistic Rough Multisets over Two Universes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Big Data Science and Industry, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Big Data Science and Industry, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Broumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M\u2019Sik, University Hassan II, B.P 7955, Sidi Othman, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun Kumar","family":"Sangaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0203-9","article-title":"A fuzzy probabilistic method for medical diagnosis","volume":"39","author":"Mak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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