{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1760241706037,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["103\u20102221\u2010E\u2010182\u2010032\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103\u20102221\u2010E\u2010182\u2010032\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002836","name":"Chang Gung University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NERPD2D0151, NERPD2D0152, NERPD2D0153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NERPD2D0151, NERPD2D0152, NERPD2D0153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since digital media is gaining popularity nowadays, people are more concerned about its integrity protection and authentication since tampered media may result in unexpected problems. Considering a better media protection technique, this paper proposes an efficient tamper detection scheme for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compressed images. In AMBTC, each image block is represented by two quantization levels (QLs) and a bitmap. Requiring insignificant computation cost, it attracts not only a wide range of application developers, but also a variety of studies to investigate the authentication of its codes. While the existing methods protect the AMBTC codes to a large extent, the leakage of some unprotected codes may be insensitive to intentional tampering. The proposed method fully protects the AMBTC codes by embedding authentication codes (ACs) into QLs. Meanwhile, the most significant bits of QLs are symmetrically perturbed to generate the candidates of ACs. The ACs that cause the minimum distortion are embedded into the least significant bits of QLs to minimize the distortion. When compared with prior works, the experimental results reveal that the proposed method offers a significant sensitivity-of-tamper property while providing a comparable image quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10080318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T03:03:15Z","timestamp":1533265395000},"page":"318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detectability Improved Tamper Detection Scheme for Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding Compressed Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wien","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510970, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510970, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6697-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der-Chyuan","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, New Taipei 20401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Foreign Language, Chengdu Neusoft University, Chengdu 611844, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cancan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510970, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1979.1094560","article-title":"Image compression using block truncation coding","volume":"27","author":"Delp","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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